ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1961.tb01171.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1961.tb01244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1961.tb01172.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS:Crithidia fasciculatawas cultured in a modification of the nutrient medium described by Cowperthwaite in 1951. Carbon dioxide, lactic acid, succinic acid and ethyl alcohol were produced by the organisms during anaerobic conditions. Hexokinase, enolase, alcohol dehydrogenase and glucoses‐phosphate dehydrogenase were demonstrated in ho‐mogenates of the flagellates. Aldolase, phosphohexokinase and lactic acid dehydrogenase could not be demonstra

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1961.tb01173.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Amicronucleate (strain W) and micronucleate (strain HAM 3)Tetrahymena pyriformishave been studied by light and electron microscopy. Numerous interphase and individually‐sectioned organisms in division stages have been examined. In macronuclei of the amicronucleate organisms (strain W) the time of division is characterized by a rather marked chromatin condensation, by morphological changes in nucleoli, and by the presence of dense granules. In macro‐nuclei of the micronucleus‐possessing organisms (strain HAM 3) little alteration of the interphase morphology is observed at division. Mitochondrial changes and an increase in the amount and complexity of the endoplasmic reticulum are observed in division in the amicronucleate strain. These results show that macronuclear division is more complex than a simple “pinching‐in‐two” and that loss of the micronucleus may alter the mitotic events of the

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1961.tb01174.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Tritrichomonas foetussurvives when frozen in the presence of 1 M glycerol after growth in cysteine‐peptone‐liver‐maltose (CPLM) medium. In the present study, survival upon storage was better in a chest‐type freezer at a constant −21°C than in an upright freezer from which were recorded cyclic temperature fluctuations between −23 and −25° or in a dry‐ice chest with a nominal temperature of −72°. By the use of special thermocouples inside the freezing tubes, it was found that the temperature fluctuated between −22 and −24° in the chest‐type freezer, between −19 and −30° in the upright freezer, but rising as high as ‐2° when the door was opened and samples were removed, and markedly in the dry‐ice chest as the dry ice melted and was replaced, sometimes rising to as high as −27°. The poorer survival in the latter 2 freezers was considered due to temperature fluctuation.When equilibration with glycerol was carried out at room temperature, survival upon subsequent freezing was better following rapid equilibration (glycerol added all at once; equilibration time, 1 hour) than following slow equilibration (1/6 of the final amount of glycerol added each hour for 6 hr.; equilibration time, 7 hr.).Survival was extremely poor following either rapid or slow equilibration in the refrigerator (4°). SinceT. foetuscan grow indefinitely at 37° in the presence of 10% glycerol and since it is protected by glycerol when frozen, there is a critical zone near 4° in which glycerol appears to be toxic.Buffering the storage medium to pH's 6.3 to 7.1 with glycyl‐glycine increased survival upon freezing, but buffering to the same pH's with triethanolamine had no significant effect upon survival, and buffering to pH's 7.1 to 7.5 wit

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1961.tb01175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A brief summary of the literature exemplifying the indirect lines of evidence leading to the conclusion that ‐living ciliates conjugate in natural environments is followed by a description of the isolation of potential mates, conjugating pairs and recent exconjugants ofParamecium bur‐sariafrom a pond in Westwood Village. Calif. The data suggest that natural populations ofParamecium pursariapass through infrequent epidemics of conjugat

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1961.tb01176.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SVXOPSIS. Parasites belonging to the genusCytamoebahave been found in amphibians from central and northern California. The infected animals and their numbers were (URODELA)Aneides flavipunctatus(2),A. lugubris(29),Batrachoseps a. atttnuatus(81).Dicamptodon ensatus(2), and (SALIENTIA)Rana b. boyli(1). The rates of infection varied between 0.6% and 29.3%, and the number of parasites per infected cell ranged from one to seven.Preparations stained with haematoxylin and Romanowsky dyes indicated several types of parasite: some were homogeneous, others possessed several dark staining granules and some possessed large, dark staining central bodies or peripheral dark staining rims. Parasites were seen in the erythrocytes, the plasma and, occasionally, in endothelial cells and monocytes. They were found in the peripheral and heart blood and in the blood of the liver, spleen, kidneys and lungs. Cell division was common in erythrocytes, and yielded daughter cells of identical size. In some cases, chains of 3 to 5 individuals were seen and, rarely, three bodies, in a cloverleaf configuration, were produced as the result of a single division. Following acid hydrolysis, methylene blue‐stained parasites showed a peripheral ring of granules, and, in some, a few stained centrally located bodie

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1961.tb01177.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The morphology and division ofEntodinium dubardi dubardi Buisson1923, found by the present writer in the rumen of a white‐tailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus borealis)from the state of New York, are described.E. longi‐nucleatumwas found for the first time in this host. A transitional form ofE. d. dubardileading toE. d. cerviSladecek 1946, was seen. Rotund or orbicular‐like individuals occurring in the material are the postdivisional stages ofE. d. dubardi.Comparative study of preparations from the mule‐deerOdocoileus hemionis hemionis, O. hemionus Macrotis, and another white‐tailed deer gave the same results as in the study of the principal host. Very close resemblance of the post‐divisional stages ofE. d. dubardiwithE. bovisWertheim andE. orbicularisBush&Kofoid is noted. New data have been established to regardE. simplexDogiel as a synonym ofE.

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1961.tb01178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nitrogen in cell fractions ofParamecium aureliavaried according to the growth medium. Trichloroacetic acid‐soluble fractions of cells were chromatographer. Adenine, adenosine, guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, lysine, proline, and phenylalanine were identified. Fyrimidines and xanthine, or their respective ribosides and ribotides, were not detected. Ammonia was released into the medium by both actively growing and “resting” cells. Culture fluids of “resting”cells also contained hypoxanthine and lesser amounts of adenine and guanine. Urea, uric acid, creatine, cretonne, and ailantoin were absent.Pyrimidine nitrogen seems excreted as dihydrouracil. The following enzymes were detected in homogenates and cell‐free preparations: nucleotidases, nucleoside hydrolases, and cytidine deaminase. Urease, uricase, adenase, guanase, xanthine oxidase, adenosine deaminase, and 5′‐adenylic acid deaminase were not present in this organism.Purine and pyrimidine incorporation into nucleic acids was investigated by the use of radioactive tracers. Guanosine gives rise to nucleic‐acid guanine and adenine; adenosine was precursor to nucleic acid adenine only. Formate was incorporated into purines; glycine was not.P. aureliacan interconvert cytidine and uridine; both give rise to nucleic acid thymine. The methyl group of thymine may be der

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1961.tb01179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY