ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1960.tb01631.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.The free and bound amino acids of 3 strains ofTetrahymena pyriformis(variety 6) have been identified by filter paper chromatography. Twenty bound amino acids were qualitatively and quantitatively alike in each strain. The same 17 free amino acids were identified in all 3 strains; however, quantitative variations among the cultures were noted. Strain 002. an F1progeny clone obtained from a cross between strains EU 6000 and EU 6001, exhibited a combination of parental characteristics. The F1organisms resembled one parental strain, EU 6000, in the ratio of free arginine to alanine, and the other parental strain, EU 6001, in the ratio of free isoleucine to leucine. The possible genetic significance of these results is noted, and the value of chromatographic analysis as an aid to genetic study is discussed.

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1960.tb00700.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.Dimorphic populations ofTetrahymena patulaL‐FF result when this organism is grown axenically in Loefer's medium supplemented with aqueous lettuce extract. The two different cell types in these cultures are identified as “macrostomes”and “microstomes.” Isolation of microstomes and macrostomes from the dimorphic cultures has shown that both cell types reproduce by binary fission in this medium, and further that each cell type will occasionally give rise to the other under these conditions. Isolation experiments have also shown that both microstomes and macrostomes from the dimorphic cultures are capable of giving rise to the reproductive cyst. The cells which are liberated from the cyst have small mouths but are best referred to as “tomites,” in order to distinguish them from the self‐perpetuating microstomes described above. The relatively small, rapidly swimming tomites will either transform into macrostomes or reproduce as microstomes. The life histoy ofT. patulathus consists of three cell types as follows, each capable of giving rise to the other two: amacrostome, amicrostome, and atomite.Silver preparations of the dimorphic cultures have shown that oral replacement takes place. This consists of resorption of the oral apparatus and its replacement by differentiation of new mouth parts from an anarchic field of kinetosomes which arises immediately posterior to the old oral apparatus. It is suggested that this process is involved in the macrostome‐microstome interconversions.Growth curves were determined forT. patulafeeding on a variety of substrates. These data indicate that this species is extremely well adapted as a carnivore. It grows very poorly on bacteria, but will grow well in axenic culture if aqueous lettuce extract is provided. The lettuce extract greatly reduces the generation time and increases the maximum cell density.Loss of the micronucleus in stain L‐FF is reported and discussed. The loss may be an indication that this strain has entered the senile phase of the M

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1960.tb00701.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.Thin sections ofPlasmodium, cathemeriumobtained 3 to 10 days after ingestion of blood by mosquitoes were examined by electron microscopy. Oocysts are encased in a relatively thick structureless capsule which becomes progressively thinner with advancing age and completely disappears in places at the time of release of the sporozoites. The capsule blends with and in most cases cannot be distinguished from the “elastic” layer of the mosquito stomach. For this reason the capsule is tentatively regarded as a product of the host rather than of the parasite. Capsular material appears to be shed into the interior of the oocyst and may serve as nutrient material in the later stages of development. Oöcysts and sporozoites contain mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and nuclei with nucleoli at all stages examined.All limiting membranes within the oocyst are feebly developed and no cell boundaries are seen until the sporozoites begin to form. At this stage, the sporozoites acquire very prominent surface membranes which are retained by the mature forms.Sporozoites contain long rods and cylinders of homogeneous material of moderate density. Their functional significance is not unders

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1960.tb00702.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.Bresslaua voraxis a dimorphic ciliate with micro‐stome and macrostome forms. The development of the macro‐stome form is associated with pronounced extension of the vestibule and vestibular opening and gross torsion of the ciliate which finally shows little resemblance to the microstome form. These transformations culminate a phylogenetic trend in the Colpodidae which can be followed from the ciliates of relatively simple structure, such asWoodruffia, throughBryophrya, ColpodaandTillinatoBresslaua.This phylogenetic trend is marked by the increasing importance of stomatogenesis. The morphogenetic pattern of these transformations appears to distinguish the Colpodidae from other trichostomatous ciliates, such as the Plagiopyli

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1960.tb00703.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.Nosema lepidurin. sp. parasitic inLepidurus apusL. is described. The microsporidian invades the connective tissue cells of carapace, head and legs of the host crustacean. The developmental cycle and cytology of the organism were studied. The spores stained by McManus method show a small polar cap located at the more attenuated pole, a structure not hitherto reported. It is different from the polar granule which is commonly present in microsporidian spores. The polar cap stainable by McManus method is probably present in the spores of all Microsporidia, though its chemical nature is unknown.

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1960.tb00704.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.Hysterocineta eiseniae, from the oligochaeteEi‐senia lonnbergi, andPtychostomum campelomaesp. nov., from the fresh‐water prosobranch snailCampeloma geniculum, have been studied primarily with a view to arriving at a better understanding; of the adoral and buccal ciliature of hystero‐cinetid ciliates. In both of these species (as well as in representatives of two undescribed genera), the arrangement of adoral and buccal ciliary organelles is fundamentally the same. There are three adoral rows of cilia extending transversely across the posterior end of the body, toward the buccal cavity. The row nearest the superior surface consists of cilia which are fused into a hyaline and relatively inactive membrane. This row enters the buccal cavity on its left side and extends inward to the cytostome. The other two rows, inferior to the membrane, are close together and consist of active and coherent cilia which collectively form a brush‐like complex. Oi these rows, the one nearer to the membrane enters the buccal cavity on its right side. The other row ends at the right side of the buccal overture, and near the point where it terminates, but on the opposite side of the continuous row, a similar series of cilia originates and closely parallels the continuous row to the cytostome.The diagnosis of the family Hysterocinetidae is emended on the basis of this characteristic arrangement of the adoral and buccal ciliature. The hysterocinetids appear to be rather closely related to ciliates of the family Hemispeiridae, and are therefore tentatively referred to the order Thigmot

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1960.tb00705.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.A method is described whereby large amounts ofEuglenacells can be obtained efficiently for enzymological studies. A completely defined, low pH medium which offers relative freedom from contamination is usee The cuh re‐equipment is also usable for the mass culture of many other unicellular alga

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1960.tb00706.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.Ergosterol was isolated from the non‐saponifiable lipids ofEuglena.For this, after saponification of the cells, the petroleum‐ether extract was chromatographed on deactivated alumina. Development was achieved by pet. ether and 10% (v/v) benzene in pet. ether, and the sterol fraction was subsequently eluted with 10% (v/v) ethyl acetate in pet. ether. This sterol was identified as ergosterol by a) precipitation with digitonin, b) The Liebermann‐Burchard reaction, c) co‐chromatography with known ergosterol, d) ultraviolet absorption spectrum, e) conversion to the acetate with determination of the melting and mixed melting points and !” infra‐red absorption spectrum of the acetate derivative. By these techniques, ergosterol content was measured in the‐following strains ofEuglena gracilisunder various conditions of nutrition and illumination:bacillarisand Z strains, and several albino and pigment mutants derived from them. A. functional chloroplast seems unnecessary for ergosterol synthesis; the ergosterol content of cells (dry weight basis) was constant regardless of strain and grow

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1960.tb00707.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SYNOPSIS.Thecamoeba sphaeronucleolus, and other verrucosid amebas with thick, pellicular ectoplasm, which live in moist soil, can identify the presence of testate rhizopodal prey at distances of 20 to 30 μ, possibly chemotactically or rheotacti‐caliy. Prey is seized by extension of a pseudopod towards it, and adhesion of the pellicular pseudopodal tip to the prey upon contact. Ingestion is accomplished by conversion of the pellicular coat of the pseudopod into an ingestive tube via digestion of the pellicular tip and the withdrawal of the endoplasm within, causing suction. The prey is drawn into the tube and enclosed therein; and is then drawn down the pseudopodal tube and into a food cup, which closes around the prey to form a food vacuole. Flagellate prey is identified by its movements nearby, and is seized by adhesion of the extended pseadopod to a flagellum. The flagellum is drawn through a tinyhole digested by the ameba through the pellicle of its psendopod. is seized by and drawn into the granular endoplasm. The body of the flagellate is drawn after it into a food vscuoie in the endoplasm. Suction applied to the flagellum appears to exert the necessary force to draw the flagellate in. The movements involved are related to, but not synonymous with, those of locomotion and appear to be complex biochemical and biophysical interactions not explainable by present theories of protoplasmic movemen

ISSN:0022-3921    

DOI:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1960.tb00708.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY