摘要:

AbstractThe antioedematogenic activity of two natural pregnane compounds fromMandevilla velutinawas evaluated against croton oil‐induced ear oedema in mice. For comparison the effects of nonsteroidal (indomethacin, phenidone and BW 755C) and steroidal (dexamethasone) antiinflammatory drugs were analysed. The purified compounds fromM. velutinaMV8612 (3 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) and to a lesser extent MV8608 (30 and 100 mg/kg; i.p.), given 30 min prior to the croton oil, significantly inhibited this oedema, maximal inhibition (MI) of 53% and 26%, respectively. However, given orally 180 min after, neither compound had any effect. Compound MV8612 but not MV8606 (200–600 μg/ear) given 180 min after the irritant significantly inhibited croton oil‐induced oedema, MI of 29%. Indomethacin given topically (0.05–0.2 mg/ear) 180 min after, but not orally (1–10 mg/kg), significantly inhibited this oedema, MI of 30%, while phenidone administered either orally (100 and 300 mg/kg) or topically (2 mg/ear) 180 min after caused partial inhibition, MI of 24% and 18%, respectively. BW 755C, given topically (0.1 and 0.5 mg/ear) but not orally (10–300 mg/kg) 180 min after, was also effective in inhibiting croton oil oedema, MI of 18%. Dexamethasone given either topically (0.05–0.2 mg/ear) or orally (0.25‐1 mg/kg) 30 and 60 min prior potently inhibited croton oil oedema, MI of 86% and 79%, respectively. These results indicate that the natural compounds MV8612 and to a lesser extent MV8608 isolated fromM. velutina, besides their antibradykinin activity, exhibited both topical and systemic long‐lasting antioedematogenic effects against croton oil‐induce

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650060102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractScopadulcic acid B is a diterpenoid recently isolated fromScoparia dulcisL. This compound showed greater cytotoxicity against cell lines derived from tumour tissues with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.068–0.076 μg/mL, compared with cell lines from normal tissues with an IC50of 0.097–0.245 μg/mL. Thein vivoantitumour activity of scopadulcic acid B was determined using mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. Oral administration of the compound at doses of 25 or 100 mg/kg/day prolonged the median survival time of the animals. However, when administered intraperitoneally to mice at doses of 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day, scopadulcic acid B increased the survival rate by 12.5%, 12.5% and 25%, respectively, without weight change over the treatment p

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650060103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOldenlandia diffusa(OD) andScutellaria barbata(SB) have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating liver, lung and rectal tumours whileAstragalus membranaceus(AM) andLigustrum lucidum(LL) are often used as an adjunct in cancer therapy. In this study, we determined the effects of aqueous extracts of these four herbs on benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)‐induced mutagenesis usingSalmonella typhimuriumTA100 as the bacterial tester strain and rat liver 9000 × g supernatant as the metabolic activation system. The effects of these herbs on [3H]BapP binding to calf thymus DNA and formation of BaP‐DNA adducts were assessed. Organosoluble and water‐soluble metabolites of BaP were extracted and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and alumina column liquid chromatography. Mutagenesis assays revealed that all four herbs produced a significant concentration‐dependent inhibition of His+revertants induced by BaP. At a concentration of 1.5 mg/plate, SB and OD in combination exhibited an additive effect, whereas AM and LL in combination demonstrated an antagonistic effect. The trend of inhibition of these four herbs on BaP‐induced mutagenesis was: SB>LL>OD>AM. LL, OD and SB significantly inhibited BaP binding to DNA. LL and SB significantly reduced BaP‐DNA adduct formation and SB significantly decreased formation of organosoluble metabolites of BaP. Our data suggest that these Chinese medicinal herbs possess cancer chemopreventiv

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650060104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNeonatal mice, inoculated intraperitoneally with 103PFU of Tacaribe virus, died after developing a typical encephalitis. The administration of partially purified extracts ofMelia azedarachL. (Ma) fresh green leaves, in seven doses by the same route, reduced virus spread which normally involves the kidneys, liver and brain. Mortality fell to 50% in treated mice and viral titres in brain were at least 3 logs lower than those of untreated mice. Surviving mice mounted a humoral immune response. High levels of neutralizing antibodies were present up to 60 days post‐infection when the animals were killed. Ma administration exerts a marked decrease in circulating interferon levels of infected mice. Thus, at day 6 post‐infection the amount of acid resistant interferon in treated animals was eight times lower than in those untreated.The antiviral effect of Main vivois clearly stated in this murine‐arenavirus

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650060105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnin vitromicropropagation method has been used to cloneArtemisia annuaL. plants from axenic seedlings or field grown plants selected on the basis of morphological characteristics during the growing season. Clones were maintained in culture by continuous transfer every 4–6 weeks. The performance of the various clones in the field as well as their contents of artemisinin and related sesquiterpenes were compared with selected field grown plants. An internally standardized reverse‐phase HPLC method was developed for this evaluation. Artemisinic acid (III) was by far the major sesquiterpene for all clones tested, followed by arteannuin B (II) and then artemisinin (I). However, there was a high degree of variability between various clones for all sesquiterpenes tested. The high artemisinin producing clones are characterized as tall robust plants with long internodes, open branching, dense leaves and thick stems. Results from unorganized callus cultures initiated from the leaves of the corresponding clones did not indicate the formation of artemisinin or related sesquiterpenes in these cultu

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650060106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGenetically obese diabetic and nondiabetic mice, and their lean littermates were used to evaluate an aqueous extract ofIndigofera arrectawhich is used for the treatment of diabetes. Control animals were given water instead of the extract over a 90 day period, and measurements of blood glucose and body weight were done at approximately 30‐day intervals. The development of hyperglycaemia associated with the diabetic mice over a time period was absent when the mice were on the extract. Blood glucose levels of littermates of both mutant strains, and the mild hyperglycaemia of the obese nondiabetic mice were not affected. The extract significantly lowered the body weight of both types of obese mutant mice but did not affect the body weight of the littermate

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650060107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe antiimplantation mechanism of action of embelin has been studied in rats. Its administration caused a significant reduction in ovarian and uterine wet weight. Ovarian histology revealed newly formedcorpora luteaand the biochemical constituents were decreased. Similarly, the uterus of pregnant treated rats did not show any preparative changes, decidualization, apposition reaction, stimulation or proliferation. Biochemical constituents also behaved as those of cyclic rats even on the day of implantation. These findings suggest that the administration of embelin to pregnant rats keeps the ovary and uterus in a cyclic condition.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650060108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious work from this laboratory has already indicated that capsaicin, stabilizes the rat lung membrane lipid system on long‐term treatment. This stabilization of the membrane is further supported by our present findings that capsaicin pretreatment causes significant inhibition of various chemically induced lipid peroxidative changes at both cellular and subcellular levels. Bothin vivoandin vitrostudies, using whole lung and liver tissue slices and mitochondrial and microsomal fractions, have shown that capsaicin pretreatment inhibits peroxidative changes at both cellular and subcellular levels. Bothin vivoandin vitrostudies, using whole lung and liver tissue slices and mitochondrial and microsomal fractions, have shown that capsaicin pretreatment inhibits peroxidative changes induced by different chemical irritants such as chloroform, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride as well as ferrous sulphat

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650060109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPanamanian tropical forest plants are potential sources of useful medicinal compounds including some with antiviral activities. Extracts prepared from the leaves of seven plants (Alseis blackianaHemsl.,Aspidosperma megalocarponMuell, Arg.,Hybanthus prunifolius(Humb.&Bonpl.) G. K. Schulze,Ouratea lucensEngl.,Piper cordulatumC. DC.,Trichilia cipoC. DC. andTetragastris panamensisKuntze) were screened for antiviral activity using three separate assay methods. The more polar (aqueous and ethanol) extracts of all plants demonstrated antiviral and virucidal activities. Good activities were found in theOuratea lucensandTrichilia cipoethanol and aqueous extracts which were further characterized for antiviral activity and cytotoxic effects. These extracts had direct virucidal activity as well as intracellular antiviral activity against both DNA and RNA viruses. Antiviral activity was achieved with extract concentrations significantly lower than those necessary to produce cytotoxic effects. Additionally, extracts were less toxic to normal cells than to the tumour cells tested.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650060110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn recent years, interest in the hepatoprotective plants and plant based chemicals is increasing. In Turkish folk medicine,Hypericum perforatumL. has been used for various purposes including liver protection. The hepatoprotective effect ofH. perforatumwas investigatedin vivoby cannulating the rat bile duct for choleretic activity and by barbiturate sleeping time following CCI4‐induced hepatic injury. The increase in the bile secretion following intraduodenal injection ofH. perforatumextract, and the appearance of its constituents in the bile were observed by its colour change and this observation was confirmed by thin layer chromatographic analysis suggesting the excretion of hypericin into the bile as well. It was observed that the extract shortens the barbiturate sleeping time of CCI4‐treated mice suggesting hepatoprotect

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650060111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY