摘要:

AbstractNine crude drugs containing tannins were selected in order to examine their actions on rats with renal failure. The levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine (Cr), methylguanidine (MG) and guanidinosuccinic acid (GSA) were decreased markedly and significantly in rats given Ephedrae Herba. Chebulae Fructus and Geranii Herba produced the same effect on uraemic toxins as that of Ephedrae Herba. MG was significantly decreased by all tannin‐containing crude drugs. However, there were no particular changes in these parameters after administration of non‐tannin‐containing crude drugs. The levels of urea nitrogen, Cr, MG and GSA showed a tendency to be increased in rats given Rehmanniae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix and Alismatis Rhizoma, but MG was decreased significantly in rats given Bupleuri Radix. Non‐tannin compounds also produced no significant decreases in the levels of uraemic

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOf 30 Indonesian plant extracts tested for their human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 (HIV‐1) inhibitory activities, six were shown to be effective by assays using HIV‐1‐infected MT‐4 cells: a methanol extract of mahoni (bark ofSwietenia mahagoni) and water extracts of benalu teh (stems and branches ofLoranthus parasiticus), kiules (fruit ofHelicteres isora), supratul (fruits ofSindora sumatrana), sambiloto (leaves ofAndrographis paniculata) and temu ireng (rhizoma ofCurcuma aeruginosa). Their ED50values ranged from 4.2 to 175 μg/mL. The samples also suppressed the formation of syncytia in co‐cultures of MOLT‐4 and MOLT‐4/HIV‐1 cells. The most potent inhibitor was a methanol extract of mahoni, which also showed a significant inhibition

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo animal experiments models including carrageenin‐induced oedema and CCl4‐induced liver injury were investigated to compare and elucidate antiinflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of four fractions (CHCl3, EtOAc,n‐BuOH, H2O) from the stem bark ofVentilago leiocarpaBenth. The results showed that each fraction displayed both antiinflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. The H2O fraction (50, 100 mg/kg) was even more effective than indomethacin (10 mg/kg) in reducing carrageenin‐induced oedema, and also had the greatest protection against CCl4‐induced liver injury. It significantly lowered the acute increase in sGOT and sGPT levels caused by CCl4. Histopathological changes such as necrosis, fatty change, ballooning degeneration and inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes and Kupffer cells around the central veins were also concurrently improved by the treatment with each fraction (50 mg/kg) or the H2O fraction (1

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe activating effects of musclide‐A1, 6‐methyl‐2,5‐heptanediol 5‐(hydrogen sulphate) (la), and its (2R, 5S)‐ and (2R, 5R)‐diastereomers on ventricular protein kinase C from guinea‐pig and rat were compared with other natural compounds derived from musk and non‐natural related compounds. The (2R, 5S)‐diastereomer was most potent among musk‐derived compounds and its related non‐natural compounds. The activation by la (20 μM) was produced in the presence of low [Ca2+]0and phosphatidylserine like 1,2‐dioctanoylglycerol (2 μM). The activation pattern for peaks eluted by a hydroxyapatite column demonstrated that 1a activates ventricular‐specific protein kinase C peak II, suggesting one mechanism for the beta‐adrenergic

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe tuber ofIcacina trichanthawas extracted with 50% methanol and concentrated to drynessin vacuoto give a yield of 5.6% w/w. The extract induced sleep in rats treated with high doses (400–1000 mg/kg i.p.). The LD50of the extract was 671 mg/kg i.p. It potentiated pentobarbitone sleeping time in rats dose‐dependently and also induced significant local anaesthetic effects in guinea‐pigs. The extract was able to give 80% protection to rats poisoned with pentylenetetrazole but failed to protect rats from strychinine poisoning. It induced significant dose‐dependent analgesia in rats and showed significant muscle relaxant activity

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVarious solvent extracts of the leaves ofMonechma ciliatum(family Acanthecaea) were tested for oxytocic properties on uterine preparationsin vivoandin vitro. The methanol extract (HME) contracted the nonpregnant uterus of the rat, guinea‐pig and mouse as well as preparations obtained from guinea‐pigs on days 6–7 and 11–12 of pregnancy. The rat pregnant uterus was not affected by the extract. Oral administration of HME to rats on days 15, 16 and 17 of pregnancy had no abortifacient effect compared with oxytocin. However, laparotomy on day 23 revealed fetal deathin utero. The extract was also found to have oestrogenic activity based on parameters such as uterine weight ratio, premature vaginal opening and degree of vaginal cornif

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of an aqueous extract ofCarica papayaseeds (20 mg/kg body weight/animal/day orally and 5 mg/kg body weight/animal/day i.m. for 60 days) were investigated for contraceptive efficacy and other related side effects in male albino mice,Mus musculus. The data revealed that the extract might be causing an androgen deprived effect to target organs resulting in alterations in the internal milieu of the cauda epididymis especially. The treatment did not, however, affect the testicular sperm count suggesting that it acted at the post‐testicular level which lead to a reduction of cauda epididymal sperm motility and thus the treatment brought about a significant reduction in fertility rate. The induced effects were transient and reversible upon withdrawal of the treatment, elucidating that functional sterility could be induced by the aqueous papaya seed extract in rodent

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aqueous extract of stem bark ofMoriga pterygosperma(Family Moraingaceae) was investigated for its effect on various pharmacological parameters. In cardiovascular profile at lower concentrations (1–10 ng) it produced a dose dependent positive inotropic effect (n= 3, 1.29 ± 0.021 for 10 ng) and at higher concentrations (0.1–1 μg) a dose dependent negative inotropic effect (n= 3, 0.53 ± 0.033 for 1 μg) on the isolated frog heart. It also produced a dose dependent hypotensive effect on dog blood pressure (n= 3, 82 ± 0.98 for 20 mg/kg). It failed to elicit any effect on isolated guinea‐pig ileum, rat stomach fundus or frog rectus abdomi

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDiabetes mellitus was induced in male Wistar rats by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg, s.c. on 2 consecutive days). Hyperglycaemia and superoxide dismutase activity of pancreatic islet cells was assessed on days 7, 14, 21 and 28, following STZ administration. In two other groups, shilajit (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered concurrently for 28 days. STZ induced significant hyperglycaemia by day 14, which increased progressively on days 21 and 28. STZ also induced a decrease in pancreatic islet cell superoxide dismutase, which was apparent by day 7 and increased progressively, thereafter on days 14, 21 and 28. Shilajit (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) had no discernibleper seeffect on blood glucose levels in normal rats but attenuated the hyperglycaemic response of STZ from day 14 onwards, though only the effect of the higher dose was statistically significant. Similarly, both the doses of shilajit reduced the STZ‐induced decrease in superoxide dismutase activity from day 14 onwards, the effect of the lower dose being statistically insignificant. The findings confirm earlier observations that STZ‐induced hyperglycaemia may be the consequence of a decrease in pancreatic islet superoxide dismutase activity, leading to accumulation of free radicals and damage of the β‐cells. Shilajit attenuates both these effects of STZ possibly by its action as a free radical scavenger. The findings support the postulate that shilajit can prevent maturity onset diabetes me

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNine European plants were selected to be screened for hypoglycaemic activity. Selection criteria were based on traditional use and literature references. Total extracts of the plants were prepared by boiling the dried material with water or macerating it with 80% ethanol. Male Swiss mice were orally loaded with glucose after the extracts had been given by oral gavage. Four extracts improved the glucose tolerance:Adiantum capillus veneris, Daucus carota, Galega officinalisandJuglans regia. Further investigation will be focused on bioguided isolation of active fractions.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650090111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY