摘要:

AbstractThe immunological properties of fat‐soluble (Cernitin GBX) and water‐soluble (Cernitin T60) pollen extracts were examinedin vivoandin vitro. For investigationsin vitrowe used the water‐soluble pollen extract (T60), andin vivothe fat‐soluble form (GBX). The aim of thein vivoexperiments was to evaluate their effect on IgG antibody production, their capability of rosette formation (E‐RFC) and cell indicating IgM‐plaqueforming cells (PFC) hemolysins. Also observations were made on the effect of the pollen extract on graftvshost reaction, the transplantation barrier and delayed hypersensitivity in relation to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Its assumed effect on phagocytosis and blastic transformation was assessedin vitro. In bothin vivoandin vitrosystems the influence of T60 and GBX preparations on the population of T‐ and B‐cells was tested. A relationship was revealed between immunological activity and the evaluated Cernitins. Both the Cernitins examined demonstrated moderate immunoregulatory properties, but the immunosuppressive component

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650050102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChlorotetracycline calcium fluorescence studies have been carried out on acute and chronic capsaicin treated rat lung mitochondria and microsome membrane fractions in the presence of different concentrations of capsaicin (1–100 nM) underin vivoconditions. Results indicate, that acute capsaicin treated rat lung membrane fractions are quite different from those that are chronically treated, with respect to capsaicin mediated calcium permeability, measured in terms of calcium induced CTC fluorescence alterations. It seems that the reported ‘activation’ phenomena of acute capsaicin treatment may be associated with calcium influx across the membrane. On the other hand, the reported ‘desensitization’ phenomena of chronic capsaicin treatment may be due to inhibition of capsaicin mediated calci

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650050103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA comparative study of 16 flavones was carried out using 4 experimental models: 1, hyperkinetic ventricular arrhythmias induced by reperfusion in rat isolated heart; 2, arrhythmias following coronary artery ligation‐reperfusion in anaesthetized guinea‐pig; 3, pytressine arrhythmias by coronary spasm in anaesthetized guinea‐pig; and 4, anti‐ischaemic activity using anex vivoperfusion heart technique after coronary occlusion in guinea‐pig. The structure effect relationships of flavone, 3‐hydroxyflavone, 6‐hydroxyflavone, 7‐hydroxyflavone, 6,7‐dihydroxyflavone, 7,8‐dihydroxyflavone, apigenin, apiin, diosmin, 5‐hydroxyflavone, luteolin, luteolin glycoside, orientin, pratol, rhoifolin, vitexin, tested as antiarrhythmic and anti‐ischaemic agents were compared to lidocaine and verapamil at equimolar doses. The results obtained demonstrated that most of these compounds exerted a protective effect against coronary‐spasm and coronary‐ligation induced ischaemic crisis, and against the ischaemic and the post‐ischaemic arrhythmias. The potencies were found to be structurally depe

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650050104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have isolated a high molecular weight compound from tobacco callus (Nicotiana tabacum) that is active in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) when injected intravenously into rabbits. Extracts were made from 2‐week‐old callus and from callus maintained in culture for varying amounts of time. Extracts of new callus were tested for IOP‐lowering activity and analysed for carbohydrate, protein, amino acid composition, and uronic acid content. Initial studies showed these extracts to be very active, lowering IOP almost to the maximum at doses of 200 μg. Partial characterization of the crude extract indicated that it contained 22% protein, 12% neutral sugar, and 5% uronic acid by weight. Extracts from callus maintained in culture for 2 months showed marginal activity when tested at 200 μg per animal. The material was fractionated by gel permeation chromatography on Fractogel TSK HW 65F. Fractions from chromatography were analysed for neutral sugar, protein, neutral sugar composition, and uronic acid content. The composition of the active material resembles plant cell wall components of the pect

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650050105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is well‐known that flavonoids including rutin exert a wide range of pharmacological effects. This study was carried out for further characterization of the pharmacological effect of rutin. A significant rise in the serum 5‐HT levels was found 2 h after the administration of rutin (25 mg kg−1i.p.). The same dose of rutin caused no significant change in the serum 5‐hydroxytryptomine levels after 8 and 72 h when compared to controls. In thein vivoexperiments, rutin (25 mg kg−1i.p.) was ineffective on the blood pressure and respiratory tract of the guinea‐pigs in spite of its smooth muscle relaxant effects in thein vitropreparations. These findings strongly suggest a physiological antagonism in the effects of rutin in int

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650050106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLongicaudatine, a tertiary bisindole alkaloid isolated from the root bark ofStrychnos trinervis(Vell.) Mart. (Loganiaceae), antagonized in a noncompetitive manner, carbachol and histamine induced contractions of the guinea‐pig ileum and bradykinin responses in the rat uterus. The respective pD2' values (mean ± SE) were 4.61 ± 0.21, 4.98 ± 0.04 and 4.49 ± 0.01. Longicaudatine, unlike verapamil, had no effect on voltage dependent Ca2+channels, as it failed to inhibit KCI or CaCl2induced contractions of guinea‐pig ileum and depolarized rat uterus respectively. When compared with sodium nitroprusside, an antagonist of receptor operated Ca2+channels, longicaudatine produced a slower and weaker inhibition of noradrenaline induced sustained contractions of rabbit aortic strips. However, in the aorta, the alkaloid antagonized the intracellular calcium dependent transient contractions of noradrenaline and longicaudatine (IC50, 5.01 × 10−7M) was approximately 133 times more potent that procaine (IC50, 6.68 × 10−5M), a known inhibitor of the release of Ca2+from intracellular stores. Longicaudatine may exert nonspecific spasmolytic effects by acting on intracellular Ca2+stores, rather than on depolarization dependent or receptor operated

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650050107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe depressing effects of the extracts ofOcimun sanctum(O),Schizandra chinensis(S),Sedum rosea(R),Withania somnifera(W),Aralia elata(A), andCelastrus paniculatus(C) upon the mouse central nervous system (CNS) was evaluated. Recovery time of the righting reflex after the injection of a single dose of pentobarbital (50 mg/kg i.p.) was compared to the effect induced by that drug and the extracts. Decreasing or increasing the time for mouse recovery was evaluated in relation to dose and sex. The results demonstrate a significant (p⩽ 0.05) increase of the narcosis time with all the extracts. The recovery of the righting reflex was sex and dose‐dependent. These plant extracts have a clear synergism with pentobarbital in depressing the mouse CNS respo

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650050108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEthanolic leaf extracts ofFicus pyrifolia(Moraceae) andRhus(=Baronia)taratana(Anacardiaccae), said to possess antimalarial effects in traditional herbal medicines, were tested againstPlasmodium falciparum in vitrousing an isotropic semi‐microtest andin vivoin the 4 day suppressive test inPlasmodium bergheiinfected mice. Although thein vitrotest showed moderate or low activity (IC50= 18 μg/mL and 80 μg/mL, respectively), thein vivobioassays demonstrated significant activity with 67%, 52% and 48% suppression of parasitaemia with 80, 320, 2.5 mg/kg day−1ofFicus pyrifolia, Rhus taratanaand chloroquine, respectively. The two plant extracts showed low cytotox

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650050109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMale rats (200–220 g) were treated with toxic doses of carbon tetrachloride (2 mL/kg per day i.p., for 3 days) to induce liver damage. Another group of rats received kolaviron, a biflavonoid extract from seeds ofGarcinia kola(500 mg/kg, i.p.) 1 h prior to receiving carbon tetrachloride. Tests for liver function were performed on all animals. The activities of glutamic oxaloacetatetransaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) and glutamic dehydrogenase (GLDH) in serum were determined, as were the concentrations of hepatic glutathione (GSH) and triglyceride in liver. Hepatic lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in the liver. Carbon tetrachloride induced marked depletion of GSH and increased the formation of MDA and triglyceride in the liver, as well as causing significant increases in activities of the serum enzymes assessed. Pretreatment with kolaviron significantly attentuated all the alterations caused by carbon tetrachloride. The antihepatotoxic action of kolaviron was clearly demonstrated in the model of hepatitis employed in this stud

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650050110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMale rats were treated daily with either intraperitoneal or oral doses (200 mg/kg) of a biflavonoid fraction of an extract fromGarcinia kolaseeds, kolaviron, either dissolved in DMSO or suspended in 0.9% NaCl. The duration of kolaviron treatment lasted 4 days (i.p.) or 7 days (oral). The control groups received 0.9% NaCl orally or DMSO alone (i.p.). The effect of kolaviron was tested on the duration of barbiturate‐induced sleep, and on the activities of liver microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes (p‐hydroxylation andN‐demethylation). Kolaviron was observed to: 1, significantly prolong the duration of sleep induced by either hexobarbital or pentobarbital; and 2, significantly depress the levels of drug metabolizing activity of the hepatic microsomal enzymes studied, when compared to the control groups. The effects of kolaviron pretreatment on the duration of sleep induced by barbiturates, are attributable to an inhibitory effect of kolaviron on the activity of microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes in the

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650050111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY