摘要:

AbstractThe activities of isolated compounds and crude extracts from species of the autochthonous flora of the North of Chile, were evaluated againstTrypanosoma cruzitrypomastigotesin vitro.A marked trypanocidal activity was observed for the chloroform, ethanol and methanol‐aqueous extracts ofGelidium pusilum(Gelidiacea). Similar activity was found in the chloroform extract ofMiroglia grandis(Gigartinaceae) and in the methanol + water + chloroform extract ofBacharis boliviensis(Compositae). The most active extracts tested werep‐cumaroiloxitremethone isolated fromParestrephia quadrangularisand two terpenes fromBacharis boliviensis, not yet structurally elucidated (PN‐3 and PN‐59). The screen identifies natural products which are active against blood trypomastigotesin vitroat 4°C and which may be useful in preventing the transmission of Chagas' disease by blood tra

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650040102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe chloroform fraction ofSyzygium cuminiiseeds was found to cause significant inhibition of carrageenin, kaolin and other mediator‐induced oedema. The extract inhibited exudation of protein, leakage of dye in peritoneal inflammation and migration of leucocytes. The extract also caused inhibition of grannloma formation, experimental arthritis and also turpentine‐induced joint oedema. Significant anti‐pyretic action of the extract was also observed against yeast‐induced pyrexia. These observations established the anti‐inflammatory effect ofS. cuminiiseed extract in exudative, proliferative and chronic stages of inflammation along with an anti‐pyr

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650040103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe juice of freshly macerated unripe hulls of the black walnut (Juglans nigra) has been used for many years in folk medicine as a treatment for localized, topical fungal infections such as ringworm. It has been proposed that the biological activity of the walnut hulls is due to the presence of the simple naphthoquinone, juglone (5‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone), which has been isolated from the unripe hulls by sublimation. Since the fresh juice of unripe walnut hulls is utilized for the treatment of ringworm, and since it has been speculated that the activity is due to the presence of juglone, it was of interest to determine the efficacy of juglone as compared to standard commercially available antifungal agents. The comparative efficacy was determined by evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of juglone and the standard antifungal agents clotrimazole, triacetin, tolnaftate, griseofulvin, zinc undecylenate, selenium sulfide as well as two investigational antifungal antibiotics, liriodenine and liriodenine methiodide, for two dermatophytes,Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum gypseum. MIC values for juglone showed it to have moderate antifungal activity and to be as effective as certain commercially available antifungal agents such as zinc undecylenate and selenium su

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650040104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHexane and methanol extracts of heartwood, bark/sapwood and leaves of twelve taxa ofJuniperusfrom the United States were assayed for antifungal and antibacterial activities. The hexane extract of the heartwood of several junipers appeared comparable in antibacterial activity to streptomycin. Antibacterial activity of the hexane extracts from the bark/sapwood ofJ. monosperma and J. californicawere comparable to streptomycin. No appreciable antibacterial activities were found in the leaf extracts from any species examined. No antifungal activities comparable to amphotericin B were found in either hexane or methanol extracts of the heartwood nor from the bark/sapwood. Antifungal activity againstCryptococcus neoformanscomparable to amphotericin B was found in the hexane extract of the leaves ofJ. occidentalisvar.australis. The methanol extracts from the leaves ofJ. osteospermaandJ. californicahad antifungal activities comparable to amphotericin B againstTrichophyton mentagrophytes.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650040105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe hypoglycaemic effect ofAnthocleista vogeliiwas studied in mice, rats and rabbits. Aqueous extract of the plant obtained by infusion from finely pulverized root was used. The extract (100, 400 and 800 mg/kg) induced significant hypoglycaemic activity in a dose‐related fashion at 2 h after oral administration in mice and rats with ED25of 250 mg/kg and 350 mg/kg respectively. The extract (800 mg/kg, orally) similarly induced statistically significant lowering of blood glucose levels at 8 h in normoglycaemic rabbits. The extract (400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg, orally) also caused reduction of blood glucose levels in alloxan‐induced diabetic animals. The results of this study indicate that the aqueous extract of the roots ofAnthocleista vogeliipossess favourable hypoglycaemic activity both in normo and hyperglycaemic animals compared to chlorpropamide as a stand

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650040106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeven female hypertensive subjects, being treated with an aqueous extract ofAdenia cissampeloides, (‘Adenia’), and seven weight‐, age‐ and sex‐matched hypertensive subjects about to begin treatment, were used to evaluate the therapeutic and possible toxic effects of this herbal preparation which is used at the Centre for Scientific Research into Plant Medicine (CSRPM), to control hypertension. Measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded, and serum levels of α‐hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) were determined to give an indication of the effectiveness of ‘Adenia’ as an anti‐hypertensive agent. Serum levels of γ‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, proteins and cholesterol were used to indicate possible liver damage, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine and creatinine clearance rate were determined for the assessment of possible nephrotoxicity. Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in subjects on ‘Adenia’ compared to the control subjects not on ‘Adenia’. (p<0.01). HBDH and CK, were lower in the patients on ‘Adenia’, but the differences were not statistically significant. Levels of total and conjugated bilirubin were significantly lower in the subjects on ‘Adenia’, (P<0.05). The plant preparation appears not to ha

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650040107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCrude extracts of three species of the Meliaceae family used traditionally as febrifuges (Azadirachta indica, Cedrela odorata, Guarea multiflora), together with 27 limonoids extracted from the meliaceous plants were evaluated for theirin vitroantimalarial activity against chloroquine resistant K1 strain ofPlasmodium falciparum. None of the extracts tested showed high antiplasmodial activity and only five compounds were found to be moderately active (IC50values: 0.72–3.11 μ/mL). The most active limonoid, gedunin, of lowin vitrocytotoxicity did not inhibitP. bergheiin a 4 day test in mice (at the dose of 90 mg/kg/day, s.c. and i.p., no toxicity observed). Meliaceous plants may not exert their activity solely via direct action against malaria parasites, and the beneficial therapeutic effects claimed by patients might be due to the antiinnflammatory and immunomodulating activities recently described for these plan

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650040108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAntihepatotoxic activities of the components of a traditional Chinese prescription, Dai‐saiko‐tǒ, were examined employing complement‐mediated cytotoxicity in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes.Bupleuri RadixandScutellariae Radixwere shown to be active in this system but did not reach the levels of activity of the prescription. In combination,Bupleuri Radix‐Scutellariae Radix, Bupleuri Radix‐Zingiberis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix‐Pinelliae Tuber and Bupleuri Radix‐Zingiberis Rhizoma, exhibited effects comparable to the original prescription. It was therefore concluded that the antihepatotoxic activity of Dai‐saiko‐tǒ is due to the pharmacological interactions of their constituents. In addition, a difference in antihepatotoxic activity ofBupleuri RadixandAurantii Fructus Immaturuswas observed between their water extracts and 50% aqueous ethanol extracts, indicating that active principles in each extract of the prescription seemed to be different and, therefore, the method of extraction was an important factor in the clinical

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650040109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMale rats were chronically fed a diet containing dry powdered seeds ofGarcinia kola, at the level of 10% w/w for 6 weeks. The effect of this diet was investigated on gastrointestinal motility, castor oil induced diarrhea, and pentobarbital sleeping times, as well as organ and body weights at the end of 6 weeks.Garcinia kolacaused marked inhibition of gastrointestinal motility, protected against castor oil induced diarrhea, prolonged pentobarbital sleeping time, and caused marked retardation of growth but did not affect organ weights compared to pair‐fed controls. There is a possibility that the observations may be due to the flavonoids contained inG. kolaseed

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650040110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDirect administration of capsaicin (isolated fromCapsicum frutescens) in the rat paw caused a dose‐related inflammatory response, which reached a maximum peak within 10 min and remained steady for 180 min after injection. Pretreatment with histamine H1receptor antagonist and substance P antagonist produced significant inhibition to this capsaicin‐induced paw oedema. Results indicate the involvement of histamine in the early phase and both histamine and substance P in the later phase of capsaicin‐induced inflammation in the ra

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650040111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY