摘要:

AbstractThe basis for the antihyperglycaemic property ofIndigofera arrecta, a plant used for the treatment of diabetes, was evaluated using normoglycemic and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. The rats were given different doses of the freeze‐dried extract of the plant material orally and intraperitoneally. The extract decreased the plasma glucose levels of fasting normoglycemic rats, but did not prevent the rise in plasma glucose after an oral glucose load in these rats. The extract increased plasma insulin levels. In the diabetic rats, the rise in blood glucose after an oral glucose load was not affected when the extract was administered 17 days after induction of diabetes. When administered 7 days after induction of diabetes, the rise in blood glucose was decreased, and was stabilized after 30 min. The results indicate thatI. arrectais insulinotropic, requiring functional beta cells to express its eff

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of an aqueous extract of fresh floral buds ofJasminum officinalevar.grandiflorumLinn. has been studied on female fertility in rats. Parameters included effects on the oestrus cycle, implantation, fetal loss, abortion, teratogenicity and serum progesterone levels on days 5, 12 and 20 of pregnancy. The extract at oral doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg produced a dose dependent significant antiimplantation effect, but failed to produce complete infertility. Treatment of animals during day 8 to day 12 to day 20 of pregnancy did not produce any significant abortifacient activity. There was no significant change in the weight and length of the fetuses delivered by rats treated with extract and no abnormalities were seen in the organs of the offspring. The extract produced a significant decrease in serum progesterone levels on day 5 of pregnancy which may be responsible for the antiimplantation effect observed in this study.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe influence of a fraction obtained fromGaleopsis ladanumL. on the central nervous system of rodents was examined. The results of these investigations show that the fraction impeded CNS activity. It is practically nontoxic and at a dose of 2000 mg/kg i.p. it does not have a soporific influence on mice. It reduces considerably the spontaneous locomotor activity of mice as well as the locomotor activity of mice stimulated by caffeine, but did not influence the locomotor activity induced by amphetamine. The extract did not exhibit a synergetic effect with barbiturates. The results suggest that the pharmacological activity of the extract resembled the activity of drugs which generally depress the CNS, being on the border between ataractic and sedative drugs.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe antiulcerogenic effect of aescine was studied on cold restraint, pylorus‐ligated and absolute ethanol induced ulcers in comparison to ranitidine and carbenoxolone. Gastric mucus output, total protein and hexosamines content were measured, In pyloric‐ligated animals, acidity, as well as biochemical assay of pepsin, histamine, sodium and potassium electrolytes were also determined. Oral treatment with aescine was found to be effective in the prevention of gastric ulceration induced by absolute ethanol, although mucus secretion was not enhanced. In pyloric‐ligated animals aescine showed a considerable reduction in the number and severity of ulcers. A significant reduction in gastric secretion was also obs

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractQuwenling is a mosquito repellent product made in China from lemon eucalyptus. It was tested in the laboratory against.Anopheles gambiaein comparison with two commercial products containing 20–22% deet. The numbers of mosquitoes coming to bite in 30 s with successive increments of dosage of each product applied to human skin or to a cotton sleeve were compared with the numbers of bites with untreated controls. The ED50, ED90and ED100values indicated that Quwenling was somewhat less potent than the deet products. The performance of the three products against British wild mosquitoes did not differ significantl

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe antimicrobial properties of protoanemonin isolated from the aerial parts ofRanunculus bulbosuswere investigated. By its marked inhibitory effects and its broad spectrum of activity against aerobes and anaerobes including multiresistant pathogenic strains, protoanemonin could be considered as a promising antimicrobial natural compound. Combinations of protoanemonin and antibiotics were also investigated. Twenty two antibiotic‐protoanemonin combinations against aerobic bacteria were studied: 20 combinations were partially synergistic (0.5

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe antidiarrhoeal activity of a procyanidin isolated from the bark ofSclerocarya birreawas studied, using four models of experimentally induced diarrhoea in rats. The cathartic agents used were: magnesium sulphate, castor oil, arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2. At doses of 150 mg/kg, the procyanidin showed antidiarrhoeal activity in all the models of experimentally induced diarrhoea. The procyanidin (2.5 μg/mL‐0.64 mg/mL) dose‐dependently inhibited the phasic contractions of the isolated guinea‐pig ileum spontaneous activity; this inhibition was significantly reduced by hexamethonium (10−4M). It also modified the dose‐response curves to acetylcholine in a non‐competitive way, and relaxed, in a dose‐dependent manner, the contractions induced by acetylcholine (10−7M) and KCI (50 mM), being five times more potent against acetylcholine. The procyanidin modified the biphasic mechanical response evoked by acetylcholine (10−7M) in isolated guinea‐pig ileum, inhibiting the phasic response more profoundly than the tonic one. It is concluded that the antidiarrhoeal activity of the procyanidin isolated fromS. birreabark is related to an inhibition in intestinal motility. The way in which it produces this inhibition can be related to an interference with the subsequent events evoked after mu

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEffects, in albino rats, of a processed shilajit (Sh‐P), native shilajit (Sh‐N) (unprocessed water‐soluble fraction), and a preparation consisting of a mixture of ethyl acetate extractives (EE) and fulvic acids (FAs) from Sh‐P, were evaluated in (i) an active avoidance, (ii) elevated plus‐maze and (iii) open‐field behaviour paradigms. This study was undertaken to appraise the validity of use of shilajit as an Ayurvedicmedha rasayan(enhancer of learning and memory). Sh‐P and its active constituents (EE‐FAs) significantly augmented learning acquisition and memory retrieval in the battery of tests, designed for this purpose, according to accepted tenets. Sh‐N, on the other hand, produced erratic responses (both augmentative and retardative) in the above parameters. The U‐shaped dose‐responses shown by Sh‐P and EE‐FAs are reminiscent of agents that improve cognitive functions. Additionally, Sh‐P and EE‐FAs, in high doses (25–50 mg/kg p.o.), produced significant antianxiety effect in the open‐field behaviour test. The present and earlier findings seem to suggest that the action of shilajit is mediated by facilitating communication between the immune and the central nervous systems. These findings reinforce our earlier postulate that purification of shilajit is an imperative necessity to ensure its optimum therapeutic effect. This would also safeguard from potential health risks associated with prolonged ingestion of raw shilajit containin

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNimba arishtais an ayurvedic drug obtained by fermentation of a decoction ofAzadirachta indicabark to which sugar and akalkahave been added.Kalkasconsist of various plant materials including flowers ofWoodfordia fruticosa. The effects of the preparation process on immunomodulatory properties ofNimba arishtawere investigated by means of model systems. On the basis of traditional applications ofNimba aristain Sri Lanka, complement activity and functioning of granulocytes were selected as relevant immunological parameters in our studies. Long boiling times, as a consequence of decoction preparation on a commercial scale, were found to substantially reduce the immunomodulatory activities, whereas addition of thekalkaresulted in a marked increase. Inoculation with yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiaeorSchizosaccharomyces pombevar.pombe) or microorganisms introduced through addition of thekalkadid not affect thein vitroimmunomodulatory activities ofNimba arista. Further investigations revealed thatWoodfordia fruticosais thekalkaingredient with the most pronounced biological activities. Although in quantitative terms the bark ofAzadirachta indicastrongly dominates inNimba arishtapreparation, it was shown by detailed model studies that the flowers ofWoodfordia fruticosawere found to represent a major ingredient with respect to modulation of complement activity.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the course of our studies on naturally occurring cardioactive agents, we investigated the effects of water and methanol extracts of a Chinese crude drug “Huajiao” the dried fruit ofZanthoxylum bungeanum, on the spontaneous beating rate (BR) of embryonic mouse myocardial cell sheets in culture. Both extracts significantly increased the BR. Through bioassay directed fractionation of the extracts, hydroxy‐β‐sanshool (1b), xanthoxylin (2) and two quercetin glycosides, hyperin (4) and quercitrin (6), were found to increase the BR in a standard medium (2.1 mMCa2+). In a low Ca2+medium (0.5 mMCa2+), these compounds suppressed the decrease of BR, which was induced by low Ca2+. Of 16 flavonoids related in structure with hyperin (4) and quercitrin (6), quercetin, isoquercitrin, rutin, myricetin and myricitrin also increased the BR in the standard medium, while kaempferol and luteorin decreased the BR in the standard medium. When compared with control, hydroxy‐β‐sanshool (1b) and xanthoxylin (2) stimulated 13–15 fold calcium uptake of the cultured myocardial cells, which might have caused the positive chronotropic effect. Hyperin (4) and quercitrin (6) did not affect calcium uptake of the myocardial cells, Na+–K+ATPase activity or Ca2+‐ATPase activity of sar

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650070111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY