摘要:

AbstractThe toxic subchronic effect of an extract ofAralia mandshuricaon rats of both sexes was studied over a period of 90 days (0.2, 1.7, 3.4 g/kg p.o.). The toxic effects ofAralia mandshuricaon the following enzymes were evaluated: alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP), total proteins and serum urea. Blood samples were obtained by means of retroorbital puncture with a microcapillary tube on days 15, 30, 45, 75 and 90 of the administration ofAralia mandshurica.The body weight was registered every week, and at the end of the study a necropsy was performed and the liver, lungs, kidneys, heart, spleen, gonads and adrenal glands were weighed. Liver, gonads and kidneys were examined histologically.There was an increase in the levels of AST and SAP enzymes with a dose of 3.4 g/kg in both sexes on day 90 of administration, but no changes were observed in urea and serum protein. A significant decrease of the body weight was recorded in both sexes with a dose of 3.4 g/kg. Moreover, the animals treated with doses of 1.7 and 3.4 g/kg showed a diminution of faecal consistence. An increase of the liver weight was produced with all the doses ofAralia mandshurica, but neither macroscopic nor histological alterations were observed, as in the rest of the organs. Possible liver damage associated with this enzyme is discussed.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn antitumour‐promoting activity in two‐stage carcinogenesis, was found in the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the Japanese edible mushroom ‘Buna‐shimeji’,Hypsizigus marmoreus(Tricholomataceae). From the active fractions of the extracts, two sterols, ergosterol and ergosterol peroxide, were isolated. The isolates showed inhibitory activity against 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate induced ear inflammation in mice, and ergosterol markedly inhibited tumour promotion in a two‐stage carcinogenesis experiment. These sterols may be useful in developing an effective method o

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe influence ofEchinacea angustifolia, Aconitum napellus, Lachesis muta, andApis mellifica, the contents of the combination product Influex (Steigerwald, Germany), on the phagocytosis of human granulocytes was investigated. Incorporation of latex microspheres was measured with a flow cytometric method. With regard to the constituents of the prescription, only vitamin C, lipopolysaccharide, andEchinacea angustifoliawere able to enhance the phagocytosis rate.Aconitum, ApisandLachesis, alone were not able to stimulate phagocytosis but showed an enhancement effect when combined with one another or withEchinacea.For example, a combination ofAconitum(10−2) andLachesis(10−2) was able to stimulate phagocytosis up to 3

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHernandia voyroniiis traditionally used as adjuvant to chloroquine in Madagascar. Neutral and basic alkaloidal extracts of this plant were evaluated for their intrinsicin vitroantimalarial activity, cytotoxicity and chloroquine potentiating action against the chloroquine resistantPlasmodium falciparumstrain FCM29. Bioassay directed fractionation clearly demonstrated that both the intrinsic antimalarial activity and the chloroquine potentiating action was localized in the polar alkaloidal extract. Moreover, this extract had low cytotoxicity to HeLa cells and L929 fibroblasts. These results support the traditional use ofH. voyroniias an antimalarial and adjuvant to chloroquine.

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGross histomorphological alterations and biochemical changes, particularly in the lipid pattern of lung alveolar tissues, were oblerved in rats after intraperitoneal injection of capsaicin (the pungent principle of red hot pepper). Preliminary experiments showed that short‐term capsaicin treatment produced and inflammatory response with significant degenerative changes in the alveolar epithelial cells and increased cellularity of lung alveoli, as revealed by thickening of lung alveolar cells with occasional rupture of lung alveolar cellular integrity. The cytological changes were correlated with concomitant biochemical changes revealed by the decreased cholesterol and phospholipid content of lung alveolar tissues and infiltration of phospholipids towards the lumen of the alveoli which may be the cause of thickening of the alveoli cell lining of the lung tissues. On the other hand, long term capsaicin‐treated rat lungs showed a significant inhibition of capsaicin induced damage of lung tissues indicating a possible dual action of capsaicin on antiinflammatory respones in the pulmonary sys

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe hexane extract ofFerula jaeschkeanawas studied for its effects on the oestrogenic rhythm following a single administration to immature rats. A 25 mg/kg single oral dose significantly increased the uterine wet weight and caused premature opening of the vagina and induced vaginal cornification. A uterotrophic peak was attained 2 days after administration and thereafter declined gradually. At 10 days, values became almost normal. A significant amount of glycogen was estimated in the uterus during the first 5 days after administration and thereafter decreased significantly. Histoarchitecture of the uterus showed a stimulated endometrium which continued for 6–8 days only. The oestrogenic rhythm induced by the hexane extract was compared with that following diethylstilbesterol administratio

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe pathobiological role of free radicals was demonstrated in hyperlipidaemia and in steatotic liver as well as in the immune response of lymphocytes and monocytes. Hyperlipidaemia has a suppressive effect on cellular immune responses, inhibits the mitogen induced lymphoblast transformation, diminishes the tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) production of spleen macrophages and enhances spontaneous interleukin 1 (IL‐1) activity. A freeze dried extract ofSempervivum tectorumhas antioxidant, free radical scavenger and membrane stabilizing effects. The measured serum parameters were changed favourably afterSempervivum tectorumextract treatment. The beneficial effect ofSempervivum tectorumextract was also observed on the Con A stimulated blast transformation of splenocytes, on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggered TNF‐α activity and on the spontaneous IL‐1 activity of spleen macrophages of hyperlipidaemic rats. The natural scavenger capacity was increased by treatment, initiating restoration of liver

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe ethanolic extracts of the leaves and stembark ofBridelia ferrugineawere separately investigated for their effects on skeletal muscle using the phrenic nerve‐hemidiaphragm muscle preparation from rats. The bark extract inhibited twitch tension induced by direct electrical stimulation (muscle) (MS) but not indirect electrical stimulation (nerve) (NS) of the diaphragm. It inhibited tetanus tension to both nerve (TNS) and muscle stimulation (TMS), had no effect on K+‐induced contracture and reduced the minimal fusion frequency (MFF). The leaf extract had no effect on twitch tension to NS and MS or K+‐induced contracture but increased tetanus tension to TNS or TMS as well as MFF. These findings suggest that the bark extract does not affect influx of extracellular Ca2+but inhibits the intracellular mobilization of Ca2+. The leaf extract also had no effect on influx of extracellular Ca2+but most likely facilitated the intracellular mobilization of Ca2+. Thus, the intracellular action of the bark extract is opposite to that of the leaf ex

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIntraperitoneal administration of quercetin (6.25–50 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.5‐0.01) reduced intestinal transit in mice and this effect was antagonized by yohimbine and phentolamine but not by atropine or naloxone. Quercetin (12.5–50 mg/kg) reduced also (p<0.05‐0.01) intraluminal accumulation of fluid and diarrhoea induced by castor oil and these effects were antagonized by yohimbine. Finally quercetin (12.5–50 mg/kg) reduced the area of gastric ulcer but not the number. It is suggested that α2‐adrenergic receptors mediate the effect of quercetin on intestinal motility a

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of a methanol extract of the stem bark ofEntandrophragma angolensewas investigated on indomethacin‐induced gastric ulcer in rats. The effect of the extract was dose‐dependent, doses ranging from 0.4 to 1.6 g/kg produced significant effect (p<0.05). At the highest dose used (1.6 g/kg) complete inhibition of ulceration occurred. The probable mechanism of action ofE. angolenseis discus

ISSN:0951-418X    

DOI:10.1002/ptr.2650080111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY