ISSN:0020-871X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-246X.1991.tb00881.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Issues surrounding the retirement of the large post‐World War II “baby boom” generation in the United States are often framed either in terms of impending intergenerational crisis or as an event to which the United States can gradually adjust. This paper examines these two perspectives as they compete to define US social security policy. It suggests that the intergenerational crisis perspective functions primarily as an ideological argument and strategy for de‐structuring social welfare policy. In contrast, the gradual adjustment perspective provides a stronger basis for planning social security and other policy responses to the ageing of the baby boom. However, it is not informed by a clear social vision and has not, as yet, responded sufficiently to the potential divisiveness which may accompany changing demography. Also, to date, relatively little attention has been paid to the diverse social and economic circumstances of baby boomers and the implications of this diversity for retirement p

ISSN:0020-871X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-246X.1991.tb00882.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The process of adjustment to the changing demographic balance in Australia over recent years has resulted infrequent and complex changes in Australia's retirement income arrangements. Many people have found great difficulty in understanding how these new arrangements are supposed to work. This article describes some of these recent changes and the factors that triggered them. It also examines what the elderly's reactions to these changes indicate about the nature of the “politics of ageing”. Beginning with an overview of population ageing in Australia, it then briefly outlines the major features of the country's retirement income system. This is followed by an examination of the factors that triggered the recent changes in retirement income arrangements. The last section describes the political response of Australia's elderly to these chan

ISSN:0020-871X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-246X.1991.tb00883.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During the ISSA General Assembly in Vienna in September 1989, a number of members from European Community countries expressed the wish that the ISSA should, as part of its programme, look into the social security consequences of the institution of the Single European Market after 1992. The ISSA General Secretariat consequently decided to carry out a survey of its member organizations in Community countries in order to draw up a directory of the studies carried out by these institutions, the aim being to identify problems related to the constitution of the so‐called European social area, particularly the free movement of persons and goods, and review the measures that had been or were being implemented and the experience of institutions at the Community level. As a rule, in the countries in question, the heads of social security organizations are excluded from the bodies in which recommendations and rules are drawn up; on the other hand, the implementation and management of social security schemes do form part of their field of competence.Some 40 member organizations replied to the survey questionnaire, and the ISSA General Secretariat requested Mr. Voirin, a specialist on European questions, to write the present article analysing the result

ISSN:0020-871X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-246X.1991.tb00884.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In all former centrally planned economies, the question of how to restructure old‐age income provisions and open the way to non‐governmental, complementary pension schemes is being posed. This paper deals with four main areas of that problem. First, the various objectives of public and complementary schemes are discussed. The paper argues that without a broad consensus among the major interested parties there is a considerable danger that envisaged objectives will not be achieved. The second section reviews the main forms of complementary pension scheme and discusses the central characteristics of occupational and personal schemes. The third section addresses two critical policy areas: the kind of regulations that may be required in order to enforce the social and economic objectives; and the likely social and economic implications. On the basis of experience in OECD countries and the specific situation in countries in transition, the final section offers some tentative conclusions for Czechoslovakia, the main one being that during the initial phase of economic transition preference should be given to a simple defined contribution plan. Such a complementary scheme would be consistent with the lack of developed financial markets and the privatization plan of the government and require neither a great number of highly trained accountants and actuaries nor the comprehensive set of regulations a defined benefit plan is likely to dict

ISSN:0020-871X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-246X.1991.tb00885.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

With the merits of the survivors’benefits paid by existing social insurance schemes being called into question, it is useful to take a closer look at such benefits and their future prospects. After presenting a detailed review of the relevant aspects of various national legislations, the author describes major recent changes in customs and lifestyles, and the problems to which they have given rise as regards the derivative rights of survivors, particularly in the context of the dissolution or absence of family ties. These problems concern the equality of rights between widows and widowers, the maintenance of protection beyond the usual framework of marriage for divorced persons, and the extension of coverage to unmarried couples who live together. Next the author discusses identifiable trends with a view to discerning options for future policy, and describes reforms to survivors’benefits which have already been implemented or are currently under consideration in several countr

ISSN:0020-871X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-246X.1991.tb00886.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Social assistance, variously known as “welfare” or “the dole”, stands at the very base of the modern welfare state and must remain when all other societal, community and family supports have vanished. This paper examines social assistance in Canada, primarily through the Canada Assistance Plan (CAP), the key legislation operative in the area of divided jurisdiction between the central and provincial governments. It considers how CAP has fared in the midst of a substantial weakening of the country's total social support system over the past 15 years, attempts to explain the programme's relatively protected position, and speculates briefly on the future of social ass

ISSN:0020-871X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-246X.1991.tb00887.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0020-871X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-246X.1991.tb00888.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0020-871X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-246X.1991.tb00889.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0020-871X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-246X.1991.tb00890.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY