ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1983.tb01083.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryAlthough humanistically oriented courses have recently been incorporated into the medical school curriculum, evaluation of these endeavours has received little attention in the literature. The present study investigated the effects of a humanistically oriented course on the ethical thinking of first‐year medical students. It was found that the course was successful in increasing students' level of ethical thinking and that initial differences in ethical thinking were related to actual behaviou

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1983.tb01084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryIn a postal follow‐up study of five annual cohorts of Aberdeen medical graduates. 371 respondents (out of 423 approached) gave their views on their undergraduate curriculum. Three out of four thought the curriculum had satisfactorily prepared them for their choice of career. But when asked about four areas of medical care these postgraduates thought that patient management outside hospital, social services relevant to medicine, and individual patient problems had been inadequately represented. Of the twenty‐five curricular subjects on which respondents were asked to comment, anatomy and biochemistry were most often rated as excessively taught, while general practice was most often stated to be under‐represented.This study raises the question of more active participation by experienced consumers of medical education in shaping the content of the undergraduate curri

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1983.tb01085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryProblem‐based learning is an instructional method that is said to provide students with knowledge suitable for problem solving. In order to test this assertion the process of problem‐based learning is described and measured against three principles of learning: activation of prior knowledge, elaboration and encoding specificity. Some empirical evidence regarding the approach is presen

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1983.tb01086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryAn assessment of the educational value of a series of courses intended to improve the clinical awareness of non‐medical graduate microbiologists has been made. Objective and subjective data were collected by means of questionnaires, pre‐ and post‐course multiple choice tests and informal discussion. The format of the courses are described. The increase in cognitive knowledge acquired during three of the courses is comparable with results from another study in clinical students. The anomalous results from one of the four courses may be explained in terms of the composition of that course. The data presented contribute to the information required for the evaluation and assessment of educational co

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1983.tb01087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryA case‐specific method of evaluating clinical skills is presented. The instrument is described together with its evaluation based on results from ninety‐two medical students. The method involves direct observation, by pairs of teachers, of student encounters with simulated patients. The purpose of this paper is to explore the methodology of assessing clinical competence. Three aspects of this are addressed: reliability between teachers acting as observers, and the relationship of both observations of process measures and self‐assessments with the students' understanding of the patient. Three aspects of clinical skills were evaluated; interviewing, problem orientation and physical examination. The results showed the observers to be highly reliable in observing physical examination but to have a wide range of reliability across cases in their observations of the other aspects of clinical skill. There was no correlation between both teachers' observations and the students' self‐assessments with the students' understanding of the patient. This is a worrying finding. The implications of this study are that evaluation of the process of clinical skills is difficult methodologically and, added to which, it is not clear what relevance these observations have to clinical competence. Rather than effort being devoted to refining instruments to measure the process of clinical skills it would seem preferable to devote energy to assessing students' abilities in diagnosis and management, at least until we understand what observations of clinical skills are me

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1983.tb01088.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryA previously unreported feedback technique, simultaneously recorded running commentary, was developed and evaluated. Thirty‐two second‐year medical students were videotaped while interviewing a patient. Each student then reviewed the videorecording once with only his own and the patient's voices accompanying the visual record, and also once with either the instructor's comments recorded on a second channel or with the instructor providing feedback on the performance in an interactive way. Visual analogue scales were used to estimate the value of the two feedback methods. Both the running commentary and the review‐with‐instructor formats were rated higher than the independent review method, although not significantly different from each other. The running commentary technique appears to be as effective as the conventional feedback approach and may prove a useful alternative when incompatibilities of the instructor's and student's schedules make review with the instructor di

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1983.tb01089.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryA study to test the hypotheses that discrete cognitive abilities necessary to clinical practice can be identified and their achievement reliably assessed by methods applicable to a large number of students is described.Eight supposedly discrete cognitive abilities related to clinical consultation were defined and the performance of medical students in them tested by short‐answer question papers. In addition, knowledge of specific definitions and of therapeutics was examined.The study, conducted over one academic year, involved 222 medical students—102 in the penultimate, and 120 in the final year of their undergraduate course.Marking strictly to a previously agreed schedule was undertaken independently by three examiners; and students' performance in relation to each ability (and area of knowledge) determined.The findings showed intra‐ and inter‐marker reliability to be highly satisfactory; and student performance in any one ability to be independent of that in any other. This suggests that the cognitive abilities chosen are indeed discrete.The importance of cognitive abilities is discussed in relation to education and training in clinical m

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1983.tb01090.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryThe use of the epidemiological method in primary health care (PHC) has become an accepted part of the service. The team will utilize community‐oriented data in order to assess the health needs of the population, perform continued surveillance of changes in the health of the people served and for service evaluation.This development in health services has to find its counterpart in the training programme for the future doctor. This paper describes a 6‐year experience with a community project carried out in the framework of a clinical clerkship in Family and Community Medicine. The students were able to define the project, collect the data and analyse it, and frequently see the start of the implementation of the recommendati

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1983.tb01091.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryThe problems of time and cost in the production of patient management problems (PMPs) are considered, and a simple yet powerful method for producing several such problems from an initial scenario is presented. Examples of the technique using a linear PMP and a branching PMP are displayed. The method is rendered particularly effective when allied with widely available computerized text processing.

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1983.tb01092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID