ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.Graduate doctors are the primary output of medical education programmes. It is important for institutions to identify systematically the types of medical activities in which their former students are involved in order to determine the effectiveness of the curriculum, assessing academic standards and reviewing admissions policies.Information was obtained from a survey of men and women graduates from three of the early graduation classes of King Abdulaziz University College of Medicine in Saudi Arabia about postgraduate medical training, certification, practice patterns, and other curriculum issues. Information collected from 151 graduates (90%) indicated that 96% were practising medicine in a variety of medical specialties and subspecialties. Six were not practising at the time of the study. Significant differences were found in the specialties being practised when men and women were compared. Men tended to practise in medicine, surgery, dermatology, urology, ENT, ophthalmology and orthopaedics, while women concentrated in obstetrics and gynaecology and paediatrics. Certification beyond medical school was earned by 49% with no significant difference being found comparing men to women. Men earned the majority of their postgraduate certifications outside Saudi Arabia while most women earned theirs in Saudi Arabia. Graduates indicated that departments in the basic sciences were least helpful in preparing them as doctors, while selected clinical departments were most helpful.It was concluded from the study that the curriculum goals of the College of Medicine, namely a curriculum of international standards producing graduates to take leadership roles in both teaching and medical practice, were realized in part by the graduates surveyed.

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.Attending medical school has long been known to be strongly familial. We set out to discover whether this tendency has been altered by recent procedures for selection of medical students. Preclinical medical students in the University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff and first‐year zoology students completed a self‐report questionnaire on the frequency of going to medical school among their first‐ and second‐degree relatives.Thirteen per cent of the first degree relatives of the medical student proband group had attended medical school, compared with approximately 0.22% of the general population, giving a ‘relative risk’ of 61. Twenty‐one per cent of the siblings over age 18 years of the medical student probands had been or were currently in a medical school, compared with 4% of the zoology student proband siblings.We conclude that going to medical school remains highly familial and this is probably largely determined by environmental/cultural and social factors. However, it is possible that genetic factors contribute in a non‐specific way, e.g. via their influence on gener

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The pressing need for this communication has emerged from the author's experience in conducting educational workshops, seminars and meetings for the orientation of health professionals in community‐oriented medical education. Many questions are raised and many statements made which clearly indicate that the term ‘community‐oriented medical education’ (COME) is still misunderstood. It carries a different meaning for different people. Many give it their own meaning and attach to it their own interpretations. This has resulted in wide propagation of the wrong concepts to the detriment of promoting the approach. (It is worth noting that ‘community medicine’ has over the years suffered the same fate. Is it because both terms include the word ‘community’, which often has a poor image for much of the medical profession?)An attempt is made here to clarify the situation by a process of questions and answers, the questions being those frequently asked as such or posed in the form of statements. They are by no means exhaustive.Seven major such questions are addressed with reference to personal experience and the literature.1What do we mean by COME, community‐based education (CBE) and community‐based learning (CBL)?2COME is third‐grade medical education producing third‐grade graduates and ‘barefoot doctors’.3COME produces community health doctors/specialists.4COME is not scientifically based (based only on soft sciences) and basic sciences are neglected.5Graduates from COME programmes are not competent in dealing with patients as they spend most of their time in the community.6If it is community‐oriented education, then what about the hospital? Is it not part of the community?7COME is expensive and requires more resource

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00021.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.This paper provides a description of preclinical students' reports after two shifts on a nursing attachment scheme. Quotations were taken from short essays which were submitted as part of their course work in psychology. The experience had clear effects on some students and could have lasting implications for their later work as doctors. Themes gathered from essays included aspects of patient care (loss of independence, uncertainty, and the effects of the hospital structure), the nursing role (especially the surprise at the high level of technical skill shown by nursing staff), the doctor's role (particularly the importance of the nurse‐doctor relationship), and emotional reactions in students. The students raised several ethical issues. Although the attachment had many positive consequences, including an increase in motivation to continue on the medical course and an increased appreciation of the individual needs of patients, it did raise issues which the students were unable to deal with or analyse adequately. Further support and teaching in particular areas are recommende

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00022.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.This study presents an analysis of possible changes in attitudes towards older persons and in attitudes towards personal death anxiety that might occur over the course of undergraduate medical education. Three entering classes of medical students at a university in the Mid‐western United States completed an attitudes towards old people scale, a death anxiety scale, and a standard personality inventory. As graduating seniors, they again completed the attitudes towards old people scale and the death anxiety scale. Significant changes did not occur. In comparison with baseline data from a group of 212 university graduate students in the USA, these 234 medical undergraduates had significantly more positive attitudes towards the aged; in another comparison, their death anxiety was significantly lower than a group of 599 from the general population. Implications are discusse

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.An emergency medicine and trauma programme was implemented at Ben Gurion University Medical School in Israel. Clinical performance assessment of the first‐year course in emergency medicine and trauma was done using a practical examination (PE). In the continuous process of critically reviewing the course objectives and assessment methods the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was chosen, for the first time in our medical school, as a tool for course development as well as evaluation of the existing PE. Seven experimental OSCE stations were designed which covered some of the course and practical examination topics. Twenty‐six first‐year medical students have taken both examinations concurrently. Twenty‐three students answered an attitude questionnaire regarding both examinations. Results have indicated that the OSCE provided additional and crucial information on students' deficiencies in clinical performance which were not available from the PE. Those differences were probably due to realistic OSCE station content, highly simulated set‐ups, and the objectivity of the examiner, all of which have contributed to a more challenging examination, as compared to the PE. The OSCE in emergency medicine and trauma seemed to have a relatively high level of acceptance by both staff and students. In our opinion it seems that the OSCE is a better tool for first‐year level final assessment in emergency medicine

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00024.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.Inadequate attention has been given to verifying the psychometric attributes of the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), yet its popularity has been increasing in recent years. Our 6 years' experience in Nigeria showed that OSCE is practicable in undergraduate psychiatry assessment and there is evidence over consecutive years that it has satisfactory reliability and criterion‐based validity. The importance of students' feedback in assessing the quality of examination is reinforced, and subtle, less tangible elements which determine students' performance, such as social interactional mystique and some personality traits, are worthy of evaluative researc

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00025.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.To define the major problems faced by pre‐registration house officers, 328 critical incidents from 200 house officers and related staff were collected. Each incident was analysed and key words representing the main features were abstracted. These were then aggregated into eight broad categories; personal aspects, clinical skills, communication and relationships, problem‐related, organization skills, education, dying patients, and administration. Further analysis of the incidents suggested a series of conclusions which include the need for effective supervision of the house officer with feedback on performance. An induction/orientation period is necessary; there is evidence that a proportion of house officers need additional experience of practical procedures; house officers often have difficulty in setting priorities and they have little experience, prior to qualification, of organizational skills; during the year they are very busy with little time off. Facilities and accommodation may be less than adequate. They perceive a lack of support from senior staff to help with personal problems and career guidance; they are conscious that communication skills are of great importance and would like additional help with this; there is little time for formal education during the year. The range of clinical material presented is enormous, however, and the challenge for medical education is to ensure that the opportunities for learning are not mis

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00026.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The strengths of general practice in the UK as a training environment for overseas doctors intending to implement the World Health Organization strategy ‘Health for All by the Year 2000’ in primary care are identified. A course of advanced training for teachers and administrators of primary care is described and evaluated in terms of participants' academic achievements and wider issues, including influence upon the development of primary care in their countries of ori

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1991.tb00027.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID