ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02427.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The skill of inquiry is central to the task of the doctor confronted with a patient problem. Despite its importance this skill is not given appropriate emphasis in the education of medical students or in research concerning the clinical reasoning skills of doctors.

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02428.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The worldwide economic crisis enjoins all planners of social services to a principle of relevance and efficiency in the deployment of scarce available resources. On the continent of Africa this is more crucial for the compelling influence of natural disasters and the population explosion. In the field of medical education relevance implies commitment of training programmes to the health needs of the society and in Africa this means addressing crude birth rates of 46 per 1000, death rates of 22 per 1000, maternal mortality of 17 per 10000, infant mortality of 112 per 1000 and a life expectancy of just under 50, statistics which represent the most dismal health indicators for the five continents of the world.The training of the African doctor should therefore ensure intimate familiarity with the environmental and sociocultural influences on health, placing a premium on capability for management of human, material and financial resources and a plan for team‐work. It must also inculcate the appropriate learning strategy which emphasizes the searching and enquiring mind, applying this problem‐solving attitude to the life‐long practice of medicine. It is now accepted by most observers that these objectives are achievable most readily through a translation of the principles of primary health care into educational strategies.The planning of medical educational policy in Africa is thus a formidable task as it is to be done against a background of diminishing resources in real terms and the modern explosion of know‐ledge in science and technology. Selectivity which is sensitive to the service to which education is to be put is currently the most promising means to achieve relevance and eff

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02429.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The World Health Organization's strategy, Health for All by the Year 2000, presents a challenge to those responsible for training doctors. Doctors are needed who are concerned to promote health not just treat disease. A review of the medical undergraduate curriculum is required to achieve this. We describe a small step towards this by the restructuring of a community medicine teaching programme so that students are introduced to health promotion and the principles of Health for All.

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02430.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.Southampton Medical School holds its major examination of basic knowledge after rather than before students enter their first clinical attachments. An interview survey investigated its educational effects, and found that students adopt one of four revision approaches. The most successful, not just in terms of examination grade but more particularly in students' subsequent ability to retrieve and use the knowledge gained, occurred when students related their preclinical revision to their clinical experiences. One of these approaches, an elaboration of knowledge, is considered to be essential for effective clinical thinking yet is probably rare elsewhere in medical education since it appears to be a consequence of a particular curricular arrangement. An explanation is given in terms of current thinking in cognitive psychology, and this challenges the theoretical assumptions on which other research in medical education has been uncritically based. Some implications for medical education and further research are discussed.

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02431.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.First‐year medical students at the University of Western Australia are attached to a patient with a chronic illness in order to begin to understand the world of the chronically ill and their families. The patients are recruited by general practitioner preceptors who have been reticent in accepting first‐year students because of their perceived immaturity and lack of medical knowledge. Not only have the preceptors’ reservations proven groundless, but the teaching exercise has produced an unintended and positive side in that 35% of students discovered new information which was judged by the patients’ general practitioners to be of significant help in the total management of patients’ illness. Since these were only first‐year medical students, the effect should be much greater with more mature students. Doctors often have incomplete records and act on incomplete information. Medical students are a means of correcting some of these deficits. In return they develop better psychosocial and communication skills and achieve considerable personal development by demonstrating to patients, their preceptors and themselves that they can be useful in contributing to more effective p

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02432.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.A questionnaire was devised and administered to first‐year dental students to obtain feedback on the courses in an anatomy department. A closed statement format was used with a small number of open requests for comment, both to elicit information which would lead to course improvement, and also to validate the questionnaire itself and assess its suitability for inclusion in a formal appraisal system.Data were produced on course structure, teaching methods, examinations and personal tutoring. The students were divided into subgroups and their perceptions in these areas compared. The median responses to closed statements for each discipline within anatomy were calculated and displayed graphically as course profiles.The questionnaire itself is discussed in detail in relation to the validity of the feedback produced. Improvements are suggested and the questionnaire found to be suitable for wide usage in an appraisal system, particularly with the development of course profiles. The specific responses by the students, and their requests for further guidance, are also considered and suggestions made for alterations in the course

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02433.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.This paper presents a community‐based problem‐solving educational programme which aims at teaching medical and other health science students the importance of nutrition and its application. Through community surveys students assess the nutritional status of children under five using different anthropometric methods. They understand the cultural beliefs and customs related to food fads and the reasons for them. They also acquire the skill to educate the community using the information gathered. They use epidemiological methods such as case control study to find associations between mal‐nutrition and other causative factors. Feedback from students has been positive and evaluation of students' knowledge before and after the programme has shown significant improv

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02434.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.There is growing agreement among the medical profession that medical ethics should be taught at undergraduate level. We present a model which can be taught in a way which is lively and entertaining, and which allows students to discuss ethical problems freely in small groups. This brief teaching package maximizes the learning experience. It could be used as part of a more extensive programme of ethics teaching.

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02435.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The authors have encouraged medical students to express their impressions of and reactions to lectures on medical ethics by drawing illustrations on their attendance cards. This gives students a sense of participation in the lecture, and also it provides teachers with useful feedback concerning students' understanding of and interest in the subject.

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1990.tb02436.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID