ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1989.tb00804.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The relation between gender, personality, school scores, grades at medical school and eventual achievement as a medical practitioner 8 years after qualifying has been explored by path analysis in a cohort of medical students. Factor analysis of data derived from a questionnaire identified a significant factor accounting for 75% of the common variance of the professional achievement scores. Standardized path coefficients were computed to indicate the relative importance of the causal factors to postgraduate achievement. Gender played an important role at many levels. For example it was apparent that many of our women graduates were seriously disadvantaged in their professional careers. Of the school subjects, chemistry was a surprising long‐term predictor of postgraduate achievement. Academic achievement during medical school training, particularly in the final year, was a significant predictor, while personality attributes made their contribution to one or other aspect of achievement at earlier stages in training but made little additional direct contribution to postgraduate performanc

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1989.tb00805.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The teachers who play the all‐important role of enabling students to learn on clinical clerkships must balance the two essential skills of being a good role model and maintaining objectivity in order to identify students with a variety of problems. This study describes the findings of a survey that identifies both the type of the problems that most bother teachers and the relative frequency of those problems. Non‐cognitive problems (poor interpersonal skills and non‐assertive, shy students) were identified by teachers as being seen at the same relative frequency but posing greater difficulty than cognitive problems (poor integration skills, disorganization, poor fund of knowledge, etc.). A variety of the types of interventions to these problems are disc

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1989.tb00806.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.A retrospective attitude questionnaire was administered to 70 of 157 graduating seniors at the end of the medical school year. Students perceived that they became more cynical during medical education. In addition, they perceived that they were more concerned with making money, more concerned for patients, and more helpful. These findings relate to the developmental stressors of medical education as they affect the individual student. Burn‐out and impairment are possible consequences; a preventive approach is advocate

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1989.tb00807.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The information and technology explosions in medicine have exposed the vast realm of ignorance in human biology as well as the transiency of accepted knowledge and shortcomings of instructional methods which foster rote memorization, excessive reliance on conflicting data bases, and short‐answer testing. To circumvent this serious deficiency in medical education, we have initiated a multifaceted Curriculum on Medical Ignorance consisting of ‘questioning’ seminars and hands‐on clinical and laboratory experiences. This teaching programme not only emphasizes medicine's current deficiencies and limited insight into disease processes (i.e. ignorance) but also assists students in developing attitudes and behaviours to investigate basic biologic and clinical unknowns while rendering sound everyday clinical decisions in the face of fragmentary understanding. Based on evaluative feedback over the past 3 years, participants have made substantial progress towards recognizing and dealing constructively with medical ignorance and the limitations of ‘knowledge of the day’, thereby preparing them for the certain uncertainty of future medic

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1989.tb00808.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.A mail questionnaire was used to survey the social and demographic characteristics, educational background, attitudinal profiles and expected career choice of 243 first‐year students enrolled in three US medical schools. The aim was to determine whether different types of schools selected different types of students. Two schools were considered as conventional whereas one school was considered as innovative both in its admission policies and in its curriculum which emphasizes a biopsychosocial approach to health care. The survey achieved an 84% response rate. The results showed no difference in students' career expectations. Students recruited in the innovative school, however, differed from students recruited in the conventional schools with regard to their social and demographic characteristics, educational background and attitudinal profiles. This study suggests that as some medical schools are innovating in their curriculum and admission policies, new types of medical students are entering medicine. Implications of these results are discusse

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1989.tb00809.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The present study was designed to analyse the evolution of student populations — undergraduates and graduates — in the 11 Belgian medical schools from 1969 to 1982. During this period, an overall 44% drop in the number of entrants was observed, while the number of medical graduates continued to rise until 1977, when it stabilized. French‐ and Flemish‐speaking universities followed a similar trend. During the period under study, the proportion of women students virtually doubled from 25 to 44%. The total success rate averaged 39% for Belgian students and 24% for foreigners. By comparing success curves over the years, the various medical faculties were rated with a ‘selectivity’ score, indicating those significantly different from the national average. A separate classification was made for preclinical (3 years of ‘Candidature’) and clinical (4 years of ‘Doctoral’) phases since, among the 11 Belgian medical schools, four teach only preclinical subjects. Marked differences in failure rates were observed between candidature and doctoral education even

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1989.tb00810.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The time available to medical students for learning is scarce in relation to the knowledge they are asked to absorb. New material should not therefore be added to medical curricula without careful consideration of the benefits of the extra knowledge compared to the costs of obtaining this knowledge. In this paper a justification for integrating economic principles into medical education is presented. It would benefit society by encouraging the practice of efficient medicine, and benefit students by giving them the ability to absorb the growing economic content of the medical literature and by encouraging an appreciation of why economic factors will influence their clinical decision‐making. These benefits would accrue at little cost because only a limited number of economic concepts need to be absorbed by medical students. The critical concepts are outlined and some of the obstacles to students applying this knowledge in practice are considered. The paper concludes by suggesting that the impact of teaching economics to medical students should be evaluated, but this will require further research into ways of evaluating the outcome of medical education programmes in genera

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1989.tb00811.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.In the Skillslab at Maastricht Medical School students are prepared for their first encounters with patients. Students can focus on individual skills, separately mastering each skill in a controlled systematic manner. With this foundation students are better equipped to face the complex intellectual and emotional demands of real patients. A large proportion of training concerns communication skills. Features of Skillslab communication skills training programme are:1its continuity (once every 2 weeks, from year 1 to year 6);2a gradual increase of complexity in skills (basic interview skills, phases of interviews, entire interviews, problem patients);3a gradual increase of complexity in practice situations (apparatus, role‐playing, simulated patients, real patients).Evaluation shows students' and teachers' satisfaction with the programme. Comparison with conditions required for interpersonal skills training shows that these are fully met. However, there are drawbacks, which are describe

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1989.tb00812.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.At the conclusion of undergraduate medical education in the United Kingdom most students pass a university qualifying examination and obtain a degree in medicine and surgery. Some students pass an external non‐university qualifying examination in medicine as an alternative to obtaining a degree, and some do both. The degree may be obtained in the same year as the non‐university qualifying examination, or in a different year. Some students from a medical school intake qualify in a later year than expected, for various reasons. Data from university, Health Department and other sources may relate to the academic year, the calendar year, or a fixed date such as 30 September. It is not a simple exercise, therefore, to define the exact number of people who qualify to practise medicine, for the first time, in any given ‘year’. In counting qualifiers from individual medical schools, the problems are further compounded by the movement of students between the preclinical and clinical stages of the course, particularly from Oxford and Cambridge to London teaching hospitals. This paper analyses the situation for the calendar years 1977 and 1983, showing a decline in the number of students obtaining double (i.e. both university and non‐university) qualifications. The number of UK graduates not registering with the General Medical Council to practise, at least for a time, in the UK was small, and the population base compiled for Medical Career Research Group studies was reasonably accurate in each of the 2 years

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1989.tb00813.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: OVID