ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1977.tb00551.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1977.tb00552.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryThe aim of this study was to validate the Empathy Scale (Hogan, 1969) for use in the context of medical education in Australia. Empathy Scale scores of students in their first clinical year at Monash University were correlated with patient ratings, self ratings, and peer ratings of empathy. Inter‐rater and intra‐rater reliability were assessed. Correlations were also obtained between Empathy Scale scores and course marks in psychiatry. Of the empathy ratings only those by peers correlated significantly with Empathy Scale scores (r = 0.45,P<0.05,n=29). Empathy Scale scores were unrelated to academic performance. In a separate part of the study, not connected to the establishing of criterion‐related validity, Empathy Scale scores of the medical student group were found to be significantly highert=4.44, df= 52,P<0.001) than the scores of psychiatric patients with a diagnosis of ‘personality disorder’. This study provides some support for the Empathy Scale as a measure of interpersonal effectiveness, but has not established it as a valid measure of empathy in a clinica

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1977.tb00553.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryWe describe the construction of a computer based system for instruction and assessment in pharmacology, utilizing a large bank of multiple choice questions. Items were collected from many sources, edited and coded for student suitability, topic, taxonomy and difficulty and text references. Students reserve a time during the day, specify the type of test desired and questions are presented randomly from the subset satisfying their criteria. Answers are scored after each question and a summary given at the end of every test; details on item performance are recorded automatically.The biggest hurdle in implementation was the assembly, review, classification and editing of items, while the programming was relatively straightforward. A number of modifications had to be made to the initial plans and changes will undoubtedly continue with further experience.When fully operational the system will possess a number of advantages including: elimination of test preparation, editing and marking; facilitated item review opportunities; increased objectivity, feedback, flexibility and decreased anxiety in students.

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1977.tb00554.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryA ‘problem solving case’ method of teaching practical pathology is described, illustrated and compared with more traditional teaching methods. This method offers many advantages‐the most important being that it shows the effect of pathological lesions in an actual patient, thus emphasizing the relevance of pathology to clinical medicine. Other advantages are that self‐assessment is encouraged; guidance is given on the depth of knowledge expected from a student; student response is favourable; no elaborate or expensive equipment is required; the method is economic in the use of staff time, and it is very flexible in use in terms both of time an

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1977.tb00555.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1977.tb00556.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1977.tb00557.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummarySmall groups of medical students are introduced to the subject of family therapy using a technique involving the simulation of family interviews. The students are called upon to enact a situation in which family members visit their general practitioner with a problem relating to one of the children, and the diffusion of this problem within the family is traced during the course of the simulation. Discussion is focused on the feelings evoked by the simulation, the psychodynamics of the simulated family and the quality of the relationship between the general practitioner and the family as it arises out of the interview. An effort is made to help the students to get in touch with some of their feelings towards disturbed families and to mobilize these feelings towards the effective management of the family's problems.By role playing the general practitioner, students can prepare themselves for their future professional roles in a situation which allows for feedback from colleagues and experimentation. At the same time, when family members are role‐played, the process of identification and empathy with patients is enhanced.The technique is potentially stressful because of the unusual demands that it makes upon the students in terms of personal involvement, but the experience derived from successive groups of students over a 2 year period has been consistently rewarding, and most students have expressed an enthusiastic interest in the exercis

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1977.tb00558.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryA battery of assessment measures, including MCQ measures of factual recall, MEQ measures of problem‐solving skills, measures of attitudes, intelligence and ability, and personality factors, was administered to the trainee intakes of a number of post‐graduate training courses for general practice on a pre‐course/post‐course basis (trainee sampleN= 80). The tests were administered in parallel to a similar number of registered general practitioners (N= 88). The trainees in the sample were also regularly assessed by their teachers, hospital consultants and registered general practitioners by means of rating scales described below. In this paper, attention is focused on the MCQ and MEQ measures.The results show significant improvement in post‐test scores, particularly among the poorer students and particularly in the crucial area of problem‐solving skills. This was related to the organizational structure of the courses: the poorer students gained greatest benefit from courses which featured the regular and frequent use of seminars and group teaching methods. Below we have given the correlations between the pre‐ and post‐test scores for both the best students and poorest students as determined by the in‐course performance measure, the rating scales used by the consultants and general pr

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1977.tb00559.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SummaryA short, intensive, teacher training course for general practitioners is described. The assessment techniques used indicate that it went some way towards achieving predetermined goals. Set alongside the limited time available to practitioners for attending training courses, and the logistic problems of training an adequate supply of teachers, this experience suggests that short intensive courses may have an important role in professional education.

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1977.tb00560.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID