ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00399.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.A total of 330 preclinical and clinical medical students and house officers at St Mary's Hospital were surveyed by questionnaire to assess their knowledge and experience of inner city deprivation and health, and their opinions on the role of the doctor in responding to these problems. The response rate was 87%. Over 75% of the respondents had had no experience of inner city living conditions before coming to medical school, and they gained little experience during the medical course until well into the clinical years. Most preclinical students wanted more contact with the community early in the course; less than one‐third of the clinical students wanted this. The differences in knowledge and attitudes between the year groups are discussed and possible reorientation in medical education is considere

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00400.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The teaching of ethics to medical students has recently become a topic of much importance to all concerned with medical education. However, those most involved, the students themselves, have been consulted very little. This paper reports the views of a sample of medical students at Oxford University on what ethics teaching they receive, of how much value they consider it to be and what form of teaching they would like to see included in their curriculum.

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00401.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.This paper describes a teaching programme for final‐ (sixth‐) year undergraduate medical students during their 10‐week term in child health. Students attend schools on two occasions and are actively involved in the physical, educational and emotional assessment of children. The advantages of the programme include active participation by the students, contact with children in a less threatening environment, learning new skills in the assessment of children, and knowledge of common screening procedures. Student evaluation of the programme has been pos

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00402.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.Perceptions by medical students of patients' affective states were investigated, and the effect of the students' own emotions on such perceptions. One hundred and one fourth‐year medical students rated the levels of anxiety and depression of three women patients presented on videotape, rated their own levels of anxiety and depression and completed a questionnaire on aspects of the rating process. Students had widely different and often inappropriate perceptions of patients' levels of anxiety and depression. Students who consistently overrated anxiety or depression in patients, compared to those who consistently underrated, were themselves significantly more anxious or depressed. These data suggest a need in medical education for systematic teaching of empathic skills and for recognition of potential bias in clinical decision‐making arising from the clinician's own emotional st

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00403.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The importance of medical training which emphasizes comprehensive, biopsychosocial medical care is increasingly recognized. Research has focused on characteristics affecting attitudes toward psychosocial information, inferring that such attitudes are acceptable surrogates for demonstrated ability. The current study evaluates the accuracy of information elicited during medical interviews conducted by medical students. Information regarding patient compliance, patient income and patient reliance on social support was correlated with student characteristics, attitudes toward psychosocial information and self‐perceived competence in eliciting such data. For 36 third‐year medical students on a 4‐week family medicine rotation, results showed that measures of psychosocial attitudes were not an acceptable substitute for demonstrated ability. Exposing medical students to the importance of psychosocial data is valuable, but additional attention must be given to their eliciting such information accurately and effici

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00404.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The critical incident technique is an objective method of analysing doctors' professional behaviour. It extracts the skills which should be taught and assessed in any training programme. In such a study in child health, 438 incidents were collected from general practitioners, paediatricians and others, and analysed according to the problem, the disease, the setting, the skill and the attitude involved. Most of the problems concerned non‐specific symptoms (e.g.‘unwell baby’,‘fever’) and the main skill categories (each with many subheadings) were clinical management (especially at home), the diagnostic process and interpersonal skills. Training of doctors in child health should emphasize the competencies highlighted in t

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00405.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.This study described criterion‐referenced tests of electrocardiograph reading skill and basic knowledge in cardiology, assessed their dependability and validity, and explored their impact on overall certification rates. Data indicated that the standard‐setting processes and the two criterion‐referenced tests produced dependable results both separately and together. Scores of each had the expected relationships with quality of residency training and experience with the examination. Moreover, these sections of the examination identified a small subset of examinees who failed the criterion‐referenced sections but passed the norm‐referenced examinations. Taken as a whole these results replicate the findings of an earlier study in terms of a criterion‐referenced test of electrocardiograph reading skill and extended them to a criterion‐referenced test of basic knowledge

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00406.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The objective structured practical examination (OSPE) together with the classical practical examination (CPE) form the basis for evaluation of laboratory teaching at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Students' attitudes to OSPE and CPE were assessed by preparing a questionnaire containing 32 item statements on Likert's 5‐point scale (LS) and 11 bipolar adjectives on Osgood's 7‐point Semantic Differential Scale (OSDS). The questionnaire was administered to 50 medical undergraduates before their final examination. Forty‐two (84%) students responded to the questionnaire. The LS showed high internal consistency and validity. Attitude scoring on LS and OSDS revealed a high degree of correlation. The majority of students showed a positive attitude to OSPE, and high‐rank students had a greater intensity of positive attitude. OSPE was rated as a reliable, effective, useful, interesting and challenging examination, although considered taxing, mentally and physically. The students preferred a combination of OSPE and CPE as in the present system to a complete change‐over to the OSPE. The item analysis of the questionnaire is

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00407.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Summary.The advent of the small computer as a basic clinical tool will have a significant impact on clinical practice and medical training. The application of probability theory to clinical diagnosis has led to the development of several practical diagnostic programs which run on small computers.Expert systems—interactive programs which function as ‘electronic consultants’—have now been successfully developed for a number of clinical situations. Experience with two of these, INTERNIST/CADUCEUS and MYCIN, has provided insight into problems and prospects for expert systems in medicine. Less complex programs, particularly those employing clinical prediction rules, and expert system shells, seem well suited for clinical environments.Although computerized medical diagnosis holds great promise as an aid to clinicians, its success will largely be determined by the quality of the information that clinicians provide for analysis. A brief review of the status of bedside diagnosis reveals that data‐gathering strategies and techniques must be better understood. In order to take full advantage of computer programs for diagnosis, basic diagnostic skills must be more heavily emphasized in clinical

ISSN:0737-3805    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1988.tb00408.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID