摘要:

The histological classification of chronic hepatitis is reviewed. The relative importance of piecemeal necrosis and of lobular necrosis in the progression to cirrhosis is assessed. Recent advances in virological and serological aspects of acute hepatitis are outlined and the importance of concomitant infection with more than one virus is discussed. The pathologist cannot assess prognosis on a histological basis alone without other clinical and serological information.

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1986.tb02455.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The p24 protein is the major core protein of LAV/HTLV III which is the putative agent of the lymphadenopathy syndrome. By the use of an anti‐p24 monoclonal antibody we have studied the presence of LAV/HTLV III infected cells in 20 lymph nodes obtained from lymphadenopathy syndrome patients: 14 lymph nodes were characterized by prominent follicular hyperplasia consistent with the early phase of the syndrome and six lymph nodes presented marked regressive changes. Cells positive for p24 were detected in 8/14 lymph nodes with hyperplastic changes and in 1/6 lymph nodes with regressive changes. Positive cells were most often located in germinal centres and were mainly characterized by a lymphoid morphology. However, immunoreactivity for p24 protein was also occasionally observed in some histiocytic‐like cells and in high endothelial cells of post‐capillary venules, suggesting that these ‘accessory cells’ also play a role in the early phases of the lymphadenopathy

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1986.tb02456.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There has recently been much interest in the patterns of follicular dendritic reticulum cells (DRC) in pathological lymph nodes, particularly in relation to the phenomenon of DRC break‐up (thought to be pathognomonic of AIDS‐related lymphadenopathies) and to progressive transformation of germinal centres (as a possible precursor of lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease). In the present study we have immunostained twenty‐nine reactive lymph nodes and five tonsils with monoclonal antibody R4/23 (DAKO‐DRC) in order to evaluate the frequency of such changes in lymphoid tissue unaffected by AIDS or Hodgkin's disease. Most of the specimens contained typical secondary follicles with clearly defined germinal centres and mantle zones. There were two variants in lymph nodes showing follicular hyperplasia characterized by (i) progressive transformation of germinal centres and (ii) inclusions of nests of small lymphocytes within germinal centres. In each of these types of follicles the compact evenly‐distributed meshwork of DRCs, as previously described, was seen. However there were considerable variations in DRC meshwork in each category (the pattern could not be predicted from the morphology) with examples in all three of the DRC break‐up previously considered specific for the AIDS related lymphadenopathy. Since none of the lymph nodes and tonsils studied had any known relationship to either Hodgkin's disease or AIDS it is argued that none of the changes in the DRC meshwork observed are specific for these

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1986.tb02457.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The dermal infiltrates of four patients with the Sézary syndrome were studied by electron microscopy and the data were evaluated quantitatively. The nuclear contour index of lymphocytes was calculated, and many tumour cells had an index greater than 6.5. Dendritic cells were found in all cases. The dendritic cells contained smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, moderately well‐developed Golgi apparatus, scanty lysosomes and many thin and intermediate filaments; their surface was scalloped with numerous vesicles. Birbeck granules were not found in the cytoplasm of dendritic cells. Dendritic cells comprised 24% of infiltrating cells and were interspersed with lymphocytes; 75% of the lymphocytes were in contact with dendritic cells; 35% of the lymphocytes in contact with dendritic cells had a nuclear contour index higher than 6.5 and 76% had a nuclear contour index higher than 5. The data strongly suggest a functional relationship between lymphocytes and dendritic cells in the dermal infiltrate of Sézary syndrome. They are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that the disease is a consequence of chronic immune stimulat

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1986.tb02458.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The presence of misplaced mucosal epithelium was studied in the colectomy specimens from 30 patients with Crohn's disease, 30 patients with ulcerative colitis, 15 patients with ulcerative colitis complicated by carcinoma and 30 patients with non‐colitic colorectal carcinoma. Misplaced epithelium was present in 21 (70%) of the resection specimens with Crohns disease, 20 (66.7%) with ulcerative colitis and 12 (80%) with ulcerative colitis complicated by carcinoma. None of the specimens with non‐colitic colorectal adenocarcinoma showed misplaced foci of epithelium. Two pathogenetic mechanisms for epithelial misplacement are proposed: (1) the effects of mucosal inflammation and repair; and (2) muscular abnormalities in inflammatory bowel disease. The proposed mechanisms and patterns of epithelial misplacement are discussed and illustrated. The importance of its recognition is emphasized because, when associated with mucosal dysplasia, difficulties in interpretation arise in distinguishing it from ‘early’ invasive adenocarcinoma. Epithelial misplacement is common in patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis and may be a factor in increasing the significance of pre‐existing mucosal dysplasia and promoting the development of adenocarcinoma. This may explain the unusual growth pattern encountered id ulcerative colitis, of submucosal cancer underlying a flat, non‐dyspla

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1986.tb02459.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐six of 100 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma contained argyrophil cells. All these tumours were carcino‐embryonic antigen positive and 13 contained variable amounts of gastro‐enteropancreatic peptides and amines. There was no significant difference in mucin type, extent or incidence of intestinal metaplasia between tumours with and those without endocrine cells. The prognosis for both groups was similarly poor, contrasting with that for carcinoid and atypical carcinoid. Endocrine cell hyperplasia was evident in the adjacent mucosa in some of the cases of endocrine positive tumours. There was no association between achlorhydria and the presence of endocrine cells in the tumours. The origin of the neoplastic endocrine cells remains speculative, occurring either as a mutation of a single stem cell or as a synchronous malignant transformation of two epithelial cell types exposed to a particular carcinogenic factor(s). Adenocarcinomas containing endocrine cells appear to be as biologically aggressive as the usual adenocarcinomas of the stomach and therefore should be treated in a like m

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1986.tb02460.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A new type of ground‐glass hepatocyte is described. The appearance is due to pale, homogeneous, weakly eosinophilic inclusions filling a portion of or the entire hepatocytic cytoplasm. On haematoyxlin and eosin stained sections, these cells closely resemble ground‐glass hepatocytes described in other conditions. However, they are negative on special stains for HBsAg and on PAS staining. Immunohistochemically, they reveal a selective and exclusive positivity for fibrinogen. On electron microscopy, the immunoreactive fibrinogen appears as amorphous, fluffy or granular material within dilated cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. This finding suggests intracellular storage possibly reflecting a defective intracellular transport of fibrino

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1986.tb02461.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirteen primary thyroid clear‐cell carcinomas and eight thyroid metastases of renal carcinomas are described. A broad variety of features is shown to be responsible for this follicle cell phenotype, some of which also occur in renal carcinomas. In biopsy specimens these two conditions can only be distinguished by immunohistochemistry. Clinical follow‐up disclosed that in the papillary and follicular categories of thyroid cancer the biological behaviour of clear‐cell tumours exhibits no significant difference to their non clear‐cell counterparts. In the case of eight follicle cell carcinomas, various samples were available for study. These revealed some striking variations in histology at different stages, and even during the same stage, of disease. Both reversal of clear cell change and transitions towards other kinds of metaplasia occurred. Morever, maintenance of follicle cell function was documented in several of these lesions by estimations of serum thyroglobulin levels and radioiodine scans. On the basis of these findings the concept of regarding the clear‐cell variant as a distinct subtype of thyroid cancer is refuted. Previous statements on the causal mechanism of clear‐cell change are discussed and it is suggested that metaplastic transformation accounts for this phenomenon in at least some instances of this heterogeneou

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1986.tb02462.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A case of rare fat‐cell‐containing adenoma, an adenolipoma, in the thyroid gland is reported. Previously documented cases are reviewed. Diffuse lipomatosis of the thyroid, amyloid goitre with adipose tissue, and the relationship between lipomatosis and adenolipoma are discus

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1986.tb02463.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The author reports a case of a 53‐year‐old woman with a slowly growing thyroid papillary carcinoma. Microscopically the presence of adult adipose tissue was detected in numerous papillae. The recognition of this histological type as a new variety of papillary carcinoma is propo

ISSN:0309-0167    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1986.tb02464.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY