摘要:

The synthesis and secretion of prostaglandins and leukotrienes by mouse peritioneal macrophages is under several regulatory controls. Arachidonic acid must first be released from phospholipid stores by the action of phospholipases. Macrophages have the capacity to deacylate arachidonic acid directly from the SN2position of phospholipids via the action of a phospholipase A2. In addition, these cells contain a phospholipase C capable of removing inositolphosphate from phosphatidylinositol generating diacylglycerol. Another enzyme, diacylglycerol lipase is present to then generate arachidonic acid. The free arachidonic acid then enters the cyclooxygenase pathway to generate prostaglandins, the lipoxygenase pathway to generate leukotrienes or both pathways. The nature of the inflammatory stimulus added to these cells determines which of the above pathways become operative. Zymosan and the Ca+ +ionophore, A23187 stimulate the synthesis of both prostaglandins and leukotrienes whereas phorbol myristate acetate and lipopolysaccharide induce only the synthesis of prostaglandins. In addition, the synthesis of these two products by macrophages can be regulated by certain antiinflammatory compounds. Indomethacin, aspirin, ibuprofen and benoxaprofen are only inhibitors of the prostaglandin pathway, whereas BW755C, 5,8,11 ETYA, NDGA and sulindac sulfide (high doses) are inhibitors of the synthesis of both prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Dapsone, an effective drug for leprosy, also inhibits the synthesis of both of these products.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.35.1.1

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A monoclonal antibody, anti‐Leu 11a (NPK‐15), was generated against human large granular lymphocyes (LGL). Anti‐Leu 11a reacted with the majority of Percoll gradient‐enriched LGL cells, a subpopulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) approx (~10–20%), and most granulocytes, but not with a significant number of monocytes, T lymphocytes, or erythocytes. Cell sorting experiments demonstrated that the Leu 11a + population encompassed essentially all functional natural killer (NK) cells in the peripheral blood. Two‐color flow cytometry analysis of PBL populations stained with anti‐Leu 11a and anti‐Leu 7 revealed the existence of four distinct populations: Leu 11a –, 7 +; Leu 11a +, 7 –; Leu 11a +, 7 +; and Leu 11a –, 7 –. The Leu 11a + population did not appear to include cells marked with the T cell‐associated antigens Leu 1, Leu 2, or Leu 3. The existence of a cell surface antigen common to granulocytes and NK cells, which is capable of distinguishing subpopulations of Leu 7 + cells, provides a useful probe to analyze the nature of the NK lineage.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.35.1.11

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Magnetic iron oxide (gamma‐Fe2O3) particles were injected intravenously into four male New Zealand white rabbits. Most of these particles were phagocytized by the Kupffer cells. When the animal was placed in a magnetic field, the particles in the liver became magnetized and aligned. After removal of the external magnetizing field, the particles collectively produced a remanent magnetic field which was measured at the body surface. The strength of this field was proportional to the amount of magnetic particles present in the liver; sequential measurements thus allowed us to describe their disappearance from the liver. After each magnetization, the remanent field rapidly decayed due to particle rotation (relaxation). Since the particles were confined in phagosomes or secondary lysosomes we conclude that movements of these organelles due to cytoplasmic motion caused relaxation. Magnetic particles might therefore serve as probes for cytoplasmic motility of Kupffer cells in situ.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.35.1.19

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Interferon (IFN), typesβandγ, and IFN inducers polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus all stimulated the generation of blast‐NK cells in mouse spleens. Blast‐NK cells were characterized on the basis of size,3H‐thymidine uptake, and NK cell markers. These data indicate that in addition to augmenting NK cell‐mediated lysis, IFN may regulate NK cell proliferation in vivo.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.35.1.31

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM) were separated into four subpopulations by centrifugation on discontinuous density gradients of Percoll. The subpopulations were compared to unseparated AM populations for their ability to provide accessory function to adherent cell‐depleted splenocytes for antigen‐stimulated lymphoproliferation and for the production of lymphokine. They were also tested for their ability to modulate in vitro plaque‐forming (PFC) responses. AM subpopulations that provided accessory function for the production of migration inhibitory factor (MIF)‐containing culture supernantants were recovered from the least dense fractions of the Percoll gradients. These cells were cytochemically characterized as mature cells. AM that suppressed the in vitro PFC response and augmented the antigen‐stimulated lymphoproliferative response to the greatest degree were recovered from the most dense fractions of the Percoll gradients and were characterized as immature cells. These results suggest that there are distinct subpopulatins of AM, the function of which may represent different stages of maturation (or differentiation).

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.35.1.39

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cell cultures from explants of the rabbit hydronephrotic kidney (HNK) cortex consisted of fibroblasts and an esterase‐positive cell that phagocytizes zymosan. Cortical cell cultures from the contralateral kidney (CLK) contained only the fibroblast. The HNK cultures exhibited an endotoxin‐induced prostaglandin (PG) E2(three ‐ fourfold) release indicative of the presence of macrophages, whereas no response was observed in the CLK cultures. At bradykinin concentrations as low as 10–9M there was a 20‐fold stimulation of PGE2from the HNK cultures and a sevenfold stimulation in the CLK cultures. The heterogeneous population of cells in the HNK cultures was separated using a mild trypsin treatment which permits passage of only the fibroblasts. The HNK‐passaged cultures contained no phagocytic cells and did not release PGE2in response to endotoxin. The passaged HNK cultures released less PGE2in response to bradykinin as compared to primary cultures and had a decreased cyclooxygenase activity as determined by exogenous arachidonic acid conversion to PGE2. Conditioned media from adherent rabbit peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated basal PGE2production (two ‐ threefold) from both the HNK and CLK cultures. These findings demonstrated the similarity of the PGE2production by cultured HNK cortical cells as compared to the ex vivo perfused HNK.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.35.1.55

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Activated peritoneal macrophages from Corynebacterium parvum‐treated mice of most inbred strains, including C57BL/6J (B), are cytotoxic to adherent 1023 sarcoma target cells as well as to larvae of Schistosoma mansoni. Macrophages from A/J (A) strain mice, on the other hand, are defective in this function. Segregation analysis of these two traits was compatible with the hypothesis that effective activation is, in each case, controlled by a single, dominant, autosomal gene. Typing of individual animals of the segregating backcross progeny and of AXB/BXA recombinant inbred strains for the expression of macrophage activation for tumoricidal and schistosomulicidal activity indicates that the genetic control of these two traits is closely linked or identical.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.35.1.65

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The major plasma membrane proteins of rabbit neutrophils were characterized by SDS‐PAGE, surface iodination,125l‐concanavalin A binding, and detergent extraction. Neutrophil membranes were prepared which lacked significant intracellular contamination with good retention of protease‐sensitive proteins. The major protein and predominant Con A‐binding protein was as surface exposed, 140,000 D (gp 140) protein which was solubilized by nonionic detergents but not low ionic strength. Actin and myosin but not other cytosol proteins were prominently associated with the isolated membrane particularly in a Triton‐insoluble form.Membranes were also prepared from surface‐iodinated neutrophils previously stimulated with a chemotactic peptide or degranulated. The granule membrane enzyme alkaline phosphatase was incorporated into the plasma membrane fraction of degranulated neutrophils. However, the membrane proteins in the different membrane preparations were identical on SDS‐PAGE and autoradiography. Therefore, using these techniques, no major alterations in protein composition of the plasma membrane could be detected following stimulation or degranulation of rabbit neutrophils.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.35.1.71

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cultured cord blood monocytes synthesize significantly less fibronectin than cultured monocyte‐macrophages from adult peripheral blood. Biosynthesis of the second component of complement in vitro is similar for both cell systems. The monocyte‐macrophages from neonates and adults have similar functional and morphologic properties in long‐term cultures. The decreased monocyte‐macrophage biosynthesis of fibronectin observed in vitro may be in part related to the reduced plasma fibronectin concentrations and reticuloendothelial system hypofunction which occur in newborn infants.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.35.1.91

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three murine monoclonal antihuman la antibodies were found to cross react with guinea pig la antigens. Sequential immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that these antibodies recognized a subset of guinea pig la antigens. In competition binding studies, the antihuman la antibodies competed with each other, but not with a number of murine monoclonals raised directly to guinea pig la antigens. When the antihuman la monoclonals were tested for their ability to inhibit the proliferative response of primed guinea pig T cells to antigen‐pulsed macrophages, they completely inhibited the response of strain 2 T cells to the complex antigen ovalbumin while having no effect on the response to the copolymer L‐glutamic acid, L‐lysine. In contrast, the monoclonals raised against guinea pig la had much less dramatic effects on the response of uncloned T cells to these antigens. These results suggest that the cross‐reactive monoclonals may recognize an evolutionary conserved epitope on la that has a regulatory function in T‐cell activation.

ISSN:0741-5400    

DOI:10.1002/jlb.35.1.101

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY