摘要:

A retrospective study was made of the injury records of a professional football team over a 12-year period to assess the incidence and severity of knee injuries. The importance of certain risk factors and the role of prophylactic knee bracing were evaluated. A higher overall incidence of knee injury was found than that reported for high school or college teams. The risk of injury was higher in games compared to practices, and on natural grass compared to synthetic turf. Certain player positions and lack of experience were also associated with higher risk. Following the introduction of prophylactic knee braces in 1984, the proportion of injuries considered major was significantly reduced, as was the incidence and severity of medial collateral ligament injuries. Such bracing, however, did not change the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament or meniscal injury. Continued use of prophylactic knee braces is recommended, along with further research and development into their design.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The potential contribution of the paramedical specialist to exercise testing is considered. Available statistics suggest that the incidence of cardiac catastrophes is no higher with paramedical than with medical supervision of stress tests. It is argued that a few hours of intensive training permit such specialists to make an effective interpretation of ancillary symptoms, and that although paramedics may halt a test at a lower intensity of effort, the reactions of the patient to low intensities of exercise have the greatest relevance for exercise prescription. In exceptional cases, the added expense of test supervision by an experienced sports cardiologist is justified by enhanced diagnostic yield, but in general medical supervision of exercise tests is neither cost effective nor necessary.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The literature dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of cervical spine injuries is considerable. Absent, however, are comprehensive criteria or guidelines for permitting or prohibiting return to contact activities. The purpose of this report is to describe congenital, developmental, as well as posttraumatic conditions of the cervical spine as presenting either (a) no contraindication, (b) relative contraindication, or (c) an absolute contraindication to continued participation. In addition to reviewing the relevant concepts of Bailes, Watkins, and White, a comprehensive set of guidelines is presented. In addition, “spear tackler's spine,” an absolute contraindication to participation, is described. Also, recommendations for managing individuals following cervical spine fusion are suggested.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We analyzed the Vco2-Vo2relationship derived from 1-min incremental (15 W/min) exercise tests of 10 normal subjects. The curve was quite linear below the anaerobic threshold (AT). We deduce that the slope must equal the respiratory quotient (RQ) of the exercising muscles, with a mean value for these subjects of 0.97‡0.06, indicating that the metabolic substrate is essentially glycogen. Beyond theAT, respiratory CO2output rises at a faster rate above as compared to below theAT, reflecting the rate of HCO3-buffering of lactic acid. Projecting the straight line of Vco2versus Vo2below theATinto the region beyond theATprovides an estimate of the Vco2due to continuing aerobic metabolism. The difference between the actual Vco2and the aerobically produced Vco2(excess Vco2) describes the rate of CO2generated from HCO3- buffering of lactic acid. The integrated excess CO2, corrected for any hyperventilation, provides a measure of the quantity of HCO3- depletion and thus lactate accumulation. Since our measurements are non-steady state, a dynamic simulation model of total lactate accumulation and arterial lactate concentration, based on excess CO2output and compartmental blood flows and volumes, was developed and found to predict experimental results of lactate concentration increase. Thus, the excess CO2output can be a useful measure of lactate accumulation and, with the developed model, serve to describe the rise in arterial lactate concentration during a progressively increasing work rate test.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Little is known about the nature and mechanism of sports injuries among wheelchair athletes. The purpose of this study was to develop an injury profile for this group. A total of 90 wheelchair athletes were surveyed retrospectively by means of a questionnaire. Three hundred forty-six injuries were reported in 18 different sports, 107 (30.9%) of which occurred in basketball, 106 (30.6%) in track, and 42 (12.1%) in road racing. Eighty percent of the athletes were competitive, with 60% competing at a national level. Most of the athletes trained 6–10 h/week. Injuries to the soft tissue of the upper extremities were most common, with the hand involved 21.3% and the shoulder 16.7% of the time. Blisters and abrasions accounted for 47.4% of the injuries. All of the athletes surveyed sustained injuries, yet little protective gear was worn except for gloves (60%). In view of the potentially serious long-term complications of some of these injuries, and the corresponding impact on the ability of these athletes to carry out their functions of daily living, prompt diagnosis and treatment are mandatory. Despite this, less than one-third (30.8%) of all wheelchair athletes sought medical assistance for their sports injuries.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fracture of the proximal aspect of the fifth metatarsal is common. There are two distinct patterns: the more frequent acute fracture of the tuberosity of the base and the less common transverse stress fracture of the proximal diaphysis. Herein is reported a case of a 23-year-old basketball player with bilateral stress fractures of the proximal diaphysis of the fifth metatarsal.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 23-year-old cyclist discontinued competitive cycling because of severe breathlessness on exertion. A cycle ergometer exercise test revealed marked oxygen desaturation at moderate levels of exercise. A ventilationperfusion lung scan demonstrated bilateral pulmonary emboli, and a pulmonary angiogram confirmed chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. The patient's pulmonary hypertension reached peak levels during exercise, and he was instructed to refrain from maximal exertion. The patient declined medical therapy and resumed regular exercise. Due to worsening symptoms and right ventricular enlargement, he was referred for a pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. He tolerated the procedure well and a significant amount of scar tissue was removed from the pulmonary arteries. The postoperative ventilation-perfusion scan and pulmonary angiogram demonstrate complete resolution of his perfusion defects. His right ventricular size returned to normal. The patient has resumed competitive cycling, without inappropriate breathlessness.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID