ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo examine the efficacy of naproxen sodium for exercise-induced dysfunction, muscle injury, and soreness.DesignDouble-blind crossover.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsEight young adult, healthy males.InterventionsTen sets of seven to 10 eccentric actions with each quadriceps femoris with a load equal to 85% of the eccentric one repetition maximum (IRM) followed by 10 days of naproxen sodium or placebo.Main Outcome MeasuresConcentric IRM; cross-sectional area (CSA) and spin-spin relaxation time (T2) of quadriceps femoris, and subjective rating of thigh soreness pre- and 1,4, and 10 days postexercise; subjective rating of ability to sleep or perform morning activities daily during recovery.ResultsConcentric IRM was reduced by (p= 0.0001) 41% day 1 of recovery; by day 4 of recovery, it had increased (p= 0.0145) to 24% below baseline in the drug trial, but did not change for the placebo trial. By day 10 of recovery, concentric IRM was 16 and 26% below (p= 0.0001) baseline for the drug and placebo trials, respectively. Quadriceps femoris CSA and T2were increased (p≤ 0.0250) after exercise, with the greatest (p= 0.0008) responses evident on day 4 of recovery. At this time, each variable showed greater increases (p≤ 0.0129) for the placebo than for the drug trial 8 vs. 5 and 26 vs. 15%, respectively). The CSA of the quadriceps femoris showing an elevated T2was 27 and 37% greater (p≤ 0.0085) for the placebo than for the drug trial. on days 1 and 4 of recovery, respectively. The percentage of quadriceps femoris CSA with an elevated T2(40%) was 1/3 greater (p≤ 0.0138) for the placebo than for the drug trial on these days. Thigh soreness was lower (day 4,p= 0.0087) and the ability to sleep or perform morning activities was less (p≤ 0.0030) compromised (days 3 and 4) during recovery in the drug trial.ConclusionsThe results suggest that naproxen sodium improved recovery after eccentrically biased exercise, probably by attenuating expression of the inflammatory response to muscle injury.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between concentric isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring strength values with the single leg hop for distance test, a closed kinematic chain activity.DesignCorrelational study.SettingNeuromuscular Research Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh.ParticipantsSubjects for this study consisted of 37 college-aged volunteers (21 men, 16 women: mean age = 22.76 ± 3.52 years, height = 169.90 ± 10.60 cm, weight = 69.31 ± 14.60 kg) with no previous history of injury to the lower extremity.InterventionEach subject performed three trials of a single leg hop for distance lest for the dominant and nondominant limbs followed by isokinetic evaluation. Isokinetic strength was assessed with the Biodex System II Isokinetic Dynamometer (Biodex Medical Inc., Shirley, NY, U.S.A.) for the quadriceps and hamstrings at preset angular velocities of 60°/s (5 repetitions) and 180°/s (30 repetitions). Before testing, each subject completed a dynamic warm-up period that consisted of submaximal cycling at a fixed cadence of 60 revolutions/min followed subsequently by quadriceps and hamstring muscle stretching.Main outcome measuresThe distance hopped in centimeters was converted to a ratio of the distance hopped to the individual leg length measured from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial malleolus. Isokinetic values were obtained for peak torque (Nm), peak torque/body weight (%), total work (Nm), and average power (W).Main resultsLow to moderate significant relationships were found to exist between the single leg hop for distance test and the isokinetic variables for the quadriceps and hamstrings of both limbs at each test velocity. Significant correlation coefficients ranged fromr= 0.33 tor= 0.69 at 60°/s andr= 0.33 andr= 0.67 at 180°/s. Correlation coefficients were found to be statistically greater for the hamstrings than the quadriceps for total work and average power at 60°/s and for peak torque/body weight, total work, and average power at 180°/s (p < 0.05).ConclusionsConcentric quadriceps and hamstring strength seem to demonstrate a significant contribution to the single leg hop for distance test; however, the hamstring muscles may play a more important role during the propulsive phase, thereby enabling subjects to jump further.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectivesIn this study, we wished to examine the nature and incidence of major spinal injuries sustained by ice hockey players and to add reported cases to a permanent registry.DesignThe study was a retrospective review of questionnaires returned by physicians reporting spinal injuries due to ice hockey.SettingCanada primarily, with reported cases from other nations.PatientsTwo hundred forty-one cases of fracture or dislocation of the spine have been reported.Main Outcome MeasuresThe registry includes annual incidence and mortality incidence as well as documentation of sex, age, mechanism of injury, vertebral level of injury, neurologic deficit, type of event, and type of fracture for most cases.ResultsBetween 1982 and 1993, an average of 16.8 ice hockey related major spinal injuries were reported each year. Many of these injuries occurred to the cervical spine of players aged 16–20 years who were playing in supervised games.ConclusionsPrevention programs are beginning to become effective in decreasing the number of severe injuries and the number of injuries caused by a check from behind, although there has not been a significant decrease in the total number of injuries reported annually.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of muscular fatigue on knee joint proprioception.DesignProspective study.SettingExercise physiology laboratory.ParticipantsSixteen (eight men and eight women) healthy volunteers ages 19–27 years, with no history of neuromuscular disorders, vestibular disorders, or lower limb injuries (e.g., ligament/meniscus tear).InterventionThree separate fatigue protocols [ramp test (RT), continuous test (CT). and interval test (IT)] were performed. All tests consisted of lower limb cycling on a computer-driven cycle ergometer (Lode). The RT was used to calculate the maximal aerobic power (VO2max) and determine the work rates for the CT and IT. Work rate for the RT increased 20/25 W/min to maximal exhaustion. The CT consisted of cycling at 80% VO2max until maximal exhaustion. The IT consisted of cycling alternately at 120% VO2max and at 40% VO2max for 30 s each to the point of maximal exhaustion.Main outcome measureIn the standing position, subjects were instructed to perform a two-legged squat to specific knee flexion angles. The absolute angular error (AAE) was measured for each test angle using an electrogoniometer (Penny & Giles, Blackwood, Gwent, U.K.) placed laterally across the dominant knee joint. AAE was defined as the absolute difference between test angle and subject perceived angle of knee flexion.ResultsA statistically significant increase in AAE after the RT (1.0 ± 0.66°, p < 0.01), CT (0.70 ± 0.66°, p < 0.03), and IT (1.24 ± 0.79°, p < 0.01) protocols was observed in the male subjects. Female subjects reported a statistically significant increase in AAE after the CT (0.73 ± 0.73°, p < 0.03) and IT (1.1 ± 0.89°, p < 0.01) protocols and a nonsignificant increase in AAE (0.19 ± 0.70°, p > 0.5) after the RT protocol.ConclusionThese findings suggest that exercising to fatigue may produce a change in subjects' reproduction ability of knee joint angles. This may represent a decline in proprioceptive function after heavy exercise bouts. Whether this suggested proprioceptive decline is at the clinical significance level (e.g., significantly altering joint stability and motion) cannot be determined from the present findings.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo document the conditions seen by medical practitioners at a multidisciplinary sports medicine clinic during a 12-month period on the basis of site of injury, pathology, and sport played.DesignA coding system for anatomical region, pathology, and sport played was designed.PatientsThe total number of patient diagnoses coded and entered for analysis was 2,429.ResultsThe most common sports involved were Australian football 322 (13.3%), distance running 299 (12.3%), netball/basketball 210 (8.6%), racquet sports 140 (5.8%), and track running 135 (5.6%). The most commonly injured region was the knee with 668 presentations (27.5%), followed by the upper limb (8.8%). The most frequently diagnosed pathology was overuse/inflammation with 1,115 (45.9%). Other pathologies diagnosed were partial ligament sprains 316 (13.0%), muscle strain 99 (4.1%), compartment syndrome 85 (3.5%), and third-degree ligament tear (3.5%). The most common diagnoses seen were patellofemoral syndrome, lumbar spine disorders, rotator cuff tendinitis, lateral ligament ankle sprain, medial meniscus tear, medial collateral ligament knee sprain, lateral meniscus tear, achilles tendinosis, anterior cruciate ligament tear and sacroiliac joint inflammation.ConclusionA study of this nature provides valuable information both to the epidemiologist and clinician.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveThe purpose of the present review was to examine current experimental research on the effectiveness of functional knee braces (FKBs) used by patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury during dynamic performance tests.Data sourcesTwelve studies published in peer-reviewed journals and listed in theExcerpta Medicasystem were reviewed.Study selectionAll studies compared braced and unbraced tests performed by the same subjects, using tests characterized by weight bearing/axial loading.Data extractionStudies were reviewed independently by three investigators.Data synthesisTests included one-leg hop, figure-of-eight run, stair climbing, walking, cutting, agility runs, straight running, and bicycle ergometry. Experimental situations were classified as follows: (a) maximal effort tests, which compared overall measures of performance such as the distance hopped and the time to run a specific distance; and (b) matched submaximal effort tests, which compared specific variables such as electromyography, range of motion, ground reaction forces, and energy costs. Bracing was found to be advantageous in three of the 16 maximal effort situations, disadvantageous in two, and of no measurable effect in 11. Six of the 10 matched effort situations reported differences in the criterion measurements when braced, while four reported no differences.ConclusionsIf FKB prescription is to be based solely on empirical evidence of efficacy from performance tests, then further investigation is required to provide this evidence. Future research needs to examine the subjective and psychological aspects of FKB usage along with the results of objective performance tests.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveTo establish whether there is consensus in the areas of definition, classification, assessment, diagnostic tests, and management of anterior knee pain.Data sourcesA Medline search for the years 1988–1995 was performed using the terms patellofemoral joint, knee joint and pain, injury and rehabilitation, and anterior knee pain. In addition, references from selected papers were examined.Study selectionA total of 77 references specifically related to anterior knee pain were reviewed in the areas of definition, classification, assessment, diagnostic tests, and management. Although a small number of these papers were analytic in their study design, most of the papers reviewed were descriptive.Data extractionDefinitive statements on anterior knee pain in the areas noted herein were extracted and summarized. Similar statements were then grouped as indicative of general consensus. Independent and divergent statements were also summarized for each area of anterior knee pain.Data synthesisMost of the literature related to anterior knee pain is subjective in nature and demonstrates limited consensus among experts. There is no generally accepted definition or classification of anterior knee pain. There was some agreement on the assessment, use of diagnostic tests, and management of anterior knee pain, but there are no definitive or objective management outcome criteria.ConclusionsThe scientific literature on anterior knee pain is sparse. This review supports a need for the development of consensus guidelines for anterior knee pain. A consensus approach to anterior knee pain could result in the more efficient use of high-yield diagnostic tests, the use of more effective and standardized protocols for assessment and treatment, increased patient satisfaction, and recommendations on fitness counseling and early prevention.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ObjectiveIt is common practice to measure serum ferritin levels in endurance athletes because of the belief that low iron stores may compromise performance. The direct relationship between endurance performance and iron deficiency anemia is well known, but there are theoretical reasons to believe that endurance performance may be adversely affected by low iron stores even in the absence of frank anemia. The purpose of this article is to provide a critical review of the scientific evidence relating low iron stores to endurance performance.Data sourcesMedline was searched using MeSH for articles related to ferritin and endurance published since 1985. Additional references were reviewed from the bibliographies of the retrieved articles.Study selectionAll clinical study designs were reviewed as well as relevant animal studies. Conclusions regarding endurance performance in humans were limited to data from clinical studies.Data extraction and synthesisIn reviewing the literature, the relative strengths of the study designs were examined carefully. Particular attention of the effectiveness of each study in isolating ferritin as the key independent variable. Dependent measures of endurance capacity were also evaluated.Main resultsEight studies isolated serum ferritin as the experimental variable. Only one study reported a significant improvement in endurance performance (time to exhaustion) in subjects with low ferritin levels treated with oral iron, but this finding may have been magnified by an unexplained decrease in time to exhaustion in the control group. Iron dosages differed in the studies reviewed. Two additional studies that reported increases in performance parameters following increases in ferritin were confounded by concomitant increases in hemoglobin levels.ConclusionsIron supplementation can raise serum ferritin levels, but increases in ferritin concentration, unaccompanied by increases in hemoglobin concentration, have not been shown to increase endurance performance. Of concern to the clinician is that athletes with low ferritin levels but hemoglobin in the low-normal range may have iron deficiency anemia responsive to iron supplementation. Low ferritin with hemoglobin in the mid- to upper normal range is at best a relative indication for iron supplementation; low ferritin with hemoglobin in the low normal range is a stronger, yet still relative, indication for iron supplementation in athletes.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

PurposeWe sought to evaluate the effectiveness of continued training with deep water running (DWR) on the healing process from a lower leg fracture in maintaining aerobic fitness.Case summaryAn elite male middle distance runner presented with a Jones fracture of the right foot. The patient opted for nonsurgical treatment. Non-weight-bearing immobilization in a cast proceeded for 14 weeks. The patient continued training by simulating land running and team land workouts with DWR. DWR was the principal mode of exercise through week 24. Physiological and race performance assessments noted a progressive and complete return to preinjury fitness and performance levels.DiscussionDWR can be used by competitive runners during a rehabilitative period to maintain fitness and does not impede the healing process. In developing a DWR regimen, it should be noted that the exercise heart rate when working above the ventilatory threshold will be ∼ 12 bpm lower in water.RelevanceDWR may be feasible for maintenance of competitive edge during lower trunk injury rehabilitation.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1997

数据来源: OVID