ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:To determine the relative frequency of limiting conditions in collegiate preparticipation physical examinations.Prospective recording of physical examinations over a 2-year period.West Virginia University Department of Intercollegiate Athletics.A total of 596 student athletes, including 405 men and 191 women, involved in 22 sports at the intercollegiate level.The number of all athletes that passed, passed with follow-up or restriction, and failed the preparticipation examinations were recorded along with the specific abnormalities that resulted in follow-up/restriction or failure.Of the athletes, 512 (85.9%) passed without significant medical or orthopedic abnormalities; 83 (13.9%) passed with a condition requiring follow-up or restriction; and one (0.2%) failed the examination. Medical and orthopedic abnormalities were responsible for 55.4% and 44.6% of the restricted athletes, respectively. Elevated blood pressure was the most common medical condition (47.8%), and knee problems were the most common orthopedic abnormality (43.2%)Outcome results of collegiate preparticipation physical examinations compare favorably with results in high school students and support the need for detailed examinations before competition. The results also underscore the importance of proper rehabilitation of previous injuries.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:To identify injuries and profile the characteristics of injured skiers and snowboarders younger than 18 years of age in Southern Alberta, Canada.Case-series over one year.Injured skiers and snowboarders younger than 18 years of age presenting to the ski patrol members at each of seven ski areas in Southern Alberta.Information on injured individuals reporting to the ski patrol at the involved areas was documented on a standardized injury reporting form. Anonymous information was then copied and sent to the University of Calgary Sport Medicine Centre, where the data were analyzed. Proportions of injured skiers and snowboarders with specific characteristics or participating in specific environmental conditions are presented.There were a total of 832 (60.0%) injury reports filed for skiers and 557 (40.1%) for snowboarders, reflecting 1,635 separate injuries. Head injuries were the most frequently reported (19.1% of all regional injuries). The most commonly injured region was the knee among skiers (n = 213; 22.8%) and the wrist among snowboarders (n = 173; 27.8%). Lower extremity injuries in skiers and upper extremity injuries in snowboarders were most common. Younger male skiers and snowboarders reported high proportions of head, neck, and back injuries.The lower extremity in skiers and the upper extremity in snowboarders were most susceptible to injury. A cause for concern is the high proportion of head injuries reported for both male skiers and snowboarders of younger age groups. Further study into protective equipment design and function is required.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:To describe injuries sustained by participants in commercial whitewater rafting.Analysis of injury reports submitted by commercial outfitters to the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources.Customers of commercial rafting outfitters who sustained injuries in the 1995–1997 whitewater seasons on the New, Gauley, Cheat, and Shenandoah Rivers and for whom injury reports were submitted as required by the West Virginia Legislative Rules.A total of 200 rafting injuries were reported from 1995 through 1997, with a resulting overall injury incidence rate of 0.263 per 1,000 rafters. Incidence rates ranged from 0.145 per 1,000 on the Shenandoah to 0.381 per 1,000 on the Gauley River. The average age of injured persons was 33.14 years, 53.3% were male, and 59.8% had previous rafting experience. The body part most frequently injured was the face (33.3%), including the eye (12.1%), mouth (6.6%), other facial parts (5.1%), nose (4.5%), and teeth (4.0%), followed by the knee (15.3%), arm/wrist/hand (11.6%), other parts of the leg, hip, or foot (10.5%), ankle (7.4%), torso (6.8%), shoulder (6.3%), and head/neck (5.3%). Predominant injury types included lacerations (32.5%), sprains/strains (23.2%), fractures (14.9%), contusions/bruises (9.8%), dislocations (8.2%), and two deaths. On-site administration of first aid included bandages (29%), ice (26.9%), splinting/immobilization (17.7%), antiseptic (11.3%), direct pressure (4.2%), elevation (2.1%), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (1%), and treatment for shock (0.4%). No first aid was administered for 4.6% of injuries. Most injuries occurred in the raft (51.3%) as a result of collisions among passengers, being struck by a paddle or other equipment, or entanglement of extremities in parts of the raft; 40.3% of injuries occurred in the water after falling from the raft. Types of injuries were independent of where they occurred, but differences were found in injured body parts by location of occurrence. Injuries occurring in the raft more commonly were to the face, and injuries occurring in the water involved the extremities and face. Injuries requiring evacuation to an outfitter's base camp or to a medical facility occurred at a higher rate among persons without previous rafting experience. Gender differences were not found for types of reported injuries, but body part injured did vary by gender. Female boaters more frequently sustained facial injuries, whereas male boaters more frequently sustained injuries to the limbs and torso.Overall injury rates were low, but verification limitations render a determination of unreported injuries difficult. Because most injuries occur in the raft while running rapids, involve injuries to the face, and result from contact among passengers or paddling equipment, preventive measures such as attaching face protection to paddling helmets, carrying fewer passengers per raft, or portaging dangerous rapids are suggested. More research is needed to verify injury rates and severity, and to document related medical costs.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships of position, mechanism of injury, type of injury, and body part injured to days lost.A causal analysis within a prospective cohort was used for this project.Seven schools from Hockey East and Eastern Collegiate Athletic Conference participated in this project for three consecutive competitive seasons.The independent variables were position, mechanism of injury, and body part injured.The dependent variable was days lost due to injury.The entire causal model was statistically significant, with the variables of body part injured, mechanism of injury, and injury type accounting for 52% of the variance associated with days lost. The most important variable related to days lost was injury type and accounted for 43% of the variance associated with days lost. We found that fractures and dislocations resulted in an average of 22.22 days lost and sprains resulted in a mean of 13.61 days lost.The causal analysis demonstrated that body part injured, mechanism of injury, and injury type are important factors related to days lost. Those players who experience a fracture/dislocation or sprain of the lower extremity will tend to lose 2 weeks or more of participation. Studies such as this are useful in examining the multivariate circumstances surrounding an injury episode.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:There have been numerous reports of hepatic dysfunction secondary to anabolic steroid use based on elevated levels of serum aminotransferases. This study was conducted to distinguish between serum aminotransaminase elevations secondary to intense resistance training and anabolic steroid-induced hepatotoxicity in elite bodybuilders.This was a case–control study of serum chemistry profiles from bodybuilders using and not using anabolic steroids with comparisons to a cohort of medical students and patients with hepatitis.The participants were bodybuilders taking self-directed regimens of anabolic steroids (n = 15) and bodybuilders not taking steroids (n = 10). Blood chemistry profiles from patients with viral hepatitis (n = 49) and exercising and nonexercising medical students (592) were used as controls.The focus in blood chemistry profiles was aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino-transferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), and creatine kinase (CK) levels.In both groups of bodybuilders, CK, AST, and ALT were elevated, whereas GGT remained in the normal range. In contrast, patients with hepatitis had elevations of all three enzymes: ALT, AST, and GGT. Creatine kinase (CK) was elevated in all exercising groups. Patients with hepatitis were the only group in which a correlation was found between amino-transferases and GGT.Prior reports of anabolic steroid-induced hepatotoxicity based on elevated aminotransferase levels may have been overstated, because no exercising subjects, including steroid users, demonstrated hepatic dysfunction based on GGT levels. Such reports may have misled the medical community to emphasize steroid-induced hepatotoxicity when interpreting elevated aminotransferase levels and disregard muscle damage. For these reasons, when evaluating hepatic function in cases of anabolic steroid therapy or abuse, CK and GGT levels should be considered in addition to ALT and AST levels as essential elements of the assessment.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

BackgroundClinicians often use the talar tilt (TT) and anterior drawer (AD) stress x-rays to diagnose acute or chronic mechanical ankle instability. However, the wide range of TT and AD values in normal and injured ankles makes interpretation of the test results difficult.To critically review the literature and determine the accuracy of stress radiography in the diagnosis of mechanical ankle instability.MEDLINE was searched for relevant articles published since 1966 using MEDLINE subject headings (MeSH) and textwords for English articles related to ankle injuries and radiography. Additional references were reviewed from the bibliographies of the retrieved articles. The total number of articles reviewed was 67. Of these, 8 studies met criteria for inclusion and were analyzed.Only clinical studies that used surgical exploration as the gold standard for diagnosing lateral ligament rupture were evaluated for this study. Cadaver or laboratory studies were excluded.In reviewing the literature, pertinent strengths of the different study designs were emphasized. From these data, particular attention was paid to the diagnostic accuracy of each study in comparing TT and AD stress x-rays to surgical confirmation of lateral ligament rupture.A total of eight prospective clinical series satisfied the inclusion criteria. Seven of the eight assessed acute ankle instability as the outcome and one assessed chronic ankle instability. Of the seven studies that focused on acute ankle injuries, only one concluded significant benefit in using stress views to diagnose lateral ligament rupture. Three of the seven reported a positive relationship between stress radiography and surgical findings, although all six studies concluded that TT and AD stress x-rays are not reliable enough to make the diagnosis. The authors who assessed chronic ankle instability stated that TT and AD stress views combined were not useful in defining ankle instability.The published data regarding TT and AD stress x-rays are too variable to determine accepted normal values compared with injured values. There are insufficient data for comparison of the use of mechanical versus manual techniques, or use of local anesthetic to facilitate the stress test. Because the treatment evolution of all acute ankle sprains is toward functional nonoperative treatment and because treatment does not depend on the degree of ankle instability on stress views, the TT and AD stress x-rays have no clinical relevance in the acute situation. In cases of chronic instability, the large variability in TT and AD values in both injured and noninjured ankles precludes their routine use.

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1050-642X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID