摘要:

SummaryIt is widely recognized that early detection of malignant cancer is associated with increased survival prospects. If regular examinations are given, then in the case of breast cancer, there is a high chance of locating lesions before they would normally be found by the patient. Such examinations are called screenings and may involve several detection modalities. The two main parameters in the design of a screening program are the frequency of examination and the sensitivity of the detection modality. Models are developed in this paper to examine the effect of screening on the sue of tumors at the time of detection. They are then used to assess the effect of the frequency and sensitivity of the screening program on the non‐recurrence rate for breast cancer. As a result of the modelling, various recommendations on screening design are give

ISSN:0004-9581    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-842X.1980.tb01150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe Australian Senate is elected using a form of proportional representation in each of the six States and two Territories. Those candidates who receive more than a “quota” of votes are elected. In those cases where not enough candidates receive a quota of votes, the surplus votes of each elected candidate (that is, votes over and above the quota) are transferred to the remaining candidates, according to preferences expressed by the voters. These surplus votes are chosen at random and although constraints are placed in order to reduce the sampling error, there is nevertheless a small error introduced in most elections due to sampling. ‐The method of calculating this error has several unusual features and is therefore given in detail for one case, that of the 1974 Senate election for Victoria. Results are tabulated for all States for the elections of 1970, 1974 and 1975. An estimate of how often the wrong candidate will be elected by chance is given. Finally, a simple method for avoiding the sampling problem is sugg

ISSN:0004-9581    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-842X.1980.tb01151.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryLet {Z(t)} be a stochastic point process. When {Z(t)} is Poisson and it is desired to estimate the intensity A, it is shown that the optimal (in terms of Fisher information) discrete sampling scheme is to sample {Z(t)} at predetermined fixed time points. On the other hand, when {Z(t)} is a pure birth process and a maximum likelihood estimator of the birth rate is desired, it is sometimes better to sample at random time points, according to a renewal process. An application of these ideas is given in the estimation of bacterial density in a liquid, by the method of dilutions.

ISSN:0004-9581    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-842X.1980.tb01152.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe consider Z±n= sup0

ISSN:0004-9581    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-842X.1980.tb01153.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA ray is defined as a straight line originating within an arbitrary convex bodyKinn‐dimensional Euclidean space and terminating on the surface ofK.The distributions of ray length are derived for three types of randomness. The results are expressed as functions of the overlap volume and overlap surface content ofKwith its translated sel

ISSN:0004-9581    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-842X.1980.tb01154.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA necessary and sufficient condition for a balanced array of strength 2l to be a balanced fractional 2mfactorial design of resolution 2l is given. This design has the property that the main effects, two‐factor interactions,.and (l‐1)‐factor interactions are estimable ignoring the (l + 1)‐factor and higher order interactions, and that the covariance matrix of their estimates is invariant under any permutation of m factors. The above condition includes sufficient conditions given in earlier works of Shirakura (1976b

ISSN:0004-9581    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-842X.1980.tb01155.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIt is shown that the least squares estimators ofBand Σ in the multivariate linear model {EYi=X1B,D(Yi) =Σ, 1 ≤i≤n,Y1Ynuncorrelated} subject to the constraintsYiM=XiNare just the usual least squares estimatorsB̂= (X'X)‐1X'Yand ΣC = 1/n(Y‐XB̂)(Y‐XB̂) in the unconstrained model where Σ has full rank. Tests of hypotheses concerningBare discussed for situations in which eachYihas a multivariate normal distribution, and examples of the applicability of th

ISSN:0004-9581    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-842X.1980.tb01156.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The History of Statistics in the 17th and 18th Centuries Against the Background of Intellectual, Scientific and Religious Thought.Brownian Motion and Classical Potential Theory.By S. C. Port and C. J. StoneProbabilistic Analysis and Related Topics. Volume 1.Edited by A. T. Bharucha‐ReidMeasure and Integral. By Konrad JacobsBayesian Control of Markov Chains. By K. M. van HeeClassifying Infinitely Divisible Distributions by Functional Equations. By K. van HarnInterfaces between Computer Science and Operations Research. Edited by J. K. Lenstra, A. H. G. Rinnooy Kan, and P. van Emde BoasAnalysis of Economic Time Series. A Synthesis. By M. Nerlove, D. M. Grether and J. L. CarvalhoPrinciples of Statistical Inference (2nd edition). By P. G. MooreFixed Effects Analysis of Variance. By L. Fisher and J. M. McDonaldAnalysis of Qualitative Data, Vol. 1. Introductory Topics. By Shelby J. HabermanStatistical Services in Ten Years' Time. Edited by Joseph W. Dunc

ISSN:0004-9581    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-842X.1980.tb01157.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-9581    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-842X.1980.tb01158.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY