摘要:

This paper presents the methods used for the study and identification of 172 actinomycetes strains isolated from samples of surface water and of sediments (soft water). For this analysis, two main criteria were used: the morphological and the biochemical study of the cellular constituents. A key for identification is proposed. [Journal translation]

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m75-277

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Two filamentous, branched, and septate actinomycetes were isolated from field-collected and from axenic in vitro produced root nodules ofAlnus crispavar.mollisFern. host plant. After their transfer to a chemically defined medium, these nodule isolates could not be distinguished from each other on the basis of morphology, cultural reactions, and whole cell composition and were considered to be the same species. They were morphologically similar to the root nodule endophyte, but were incapable of nodulating aseptic host plants growing in a nitrogen-deficient substrate. Whole cells of the nodule isolates were used for the production of rabbit antibodies. The resulting specific antiisolate antibodies were conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate and used in staining tests of the nodule endophyte. The immunofluorescence reactions demonstrated the homology of the nodule isolates with the nodule endophyte. After pectinase degradation of the endophyte capsule, the indirect immunoferritin method corroborated the fluorescent antibody (FA) staining reactions. There was no antigenic relationship between the nodule isolates and 13 known strains of actinomycetes as determined by the FA technique. Fluorescent antibody reactions of adsorbed conjugates suggested that endophytes of bothAlnus crispavar.mollisFern. andAlnus rugosa(DuRoi) Spreng. root nodules belong to a common serotype. The LL and mesoisomers of diaminopimelic acid were present in similar proportions in the nodule endophyte and in the nodule isolates. Glucose, mannose, and an unknown sugar were the predominant whole cell sugars in the nodule isolates, although trace amounts of arabinose and rhamnose were also displayed. The unknown sugar found in the nodule isolates was also present in trace amounts in the endophyte-suspension hydrolysate.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m75-278

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Conidia ofTorula caligans(Batista & Upadhyay) M. B. Ellis comb. nov. andT.terrestrisMisra were examined by transmission- and scanning-electron microscopy.Torula caligansproduced four-celled conidia in which the central cells were distinctly larger than the basal and apical cells. Conidia ofT.terrestriswere 4- to 7-celled long and ellipsoidal in shape. Conidiogenous cells in both species developed melanin only within the lowermost part of the lateral walls while the other cells of the conidium were uniformly melanized around the circumference of the cell; melanin in these cells being deposited within, at least, half the width of the cell wall. In both species new conidia arose from evagination of the hyaline apex of the conidiogenous cell and are therefore blastoconidia. The systematic relationships betweenT.caligansandT.terrestrisand other species of the genusTorulaare discussed.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m75-279

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Scanning- and transmission-electron microscopy were used to examine developing and mature functional arbuscules in mycorrhizal roots of yellow poplar. Arbuscules developed from intracellular hyphae which branched repeatedly upon penetration into the host cells. Intermediate and late stages of development were characterized by the production of numerous, short, bifurcate hyphae throughout the arbuscule. Mature arbuscules exhibited a coralloid morphology which resulted in a considerable increase in the surface area of the endophyte exposed within the host cells. Distinctive ultrastructural features of arbuscular hyphae included osmiophilic walls, nuclei, abundant cytoplasm, glycogen, and numerous small vacuoles. All arbuscular components were enclosed by host wall material and cytoplasm during development and at maturity. In infected cells, host nuclei were enlarged and the cytoplasm associated with the arbuscular branches typically contained abundant mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and proplastids. Ultrastructural observations suggested that nutrient transfer may be predominantly directed toward the fungal endophyte during arbuscular development and while mature arbuscules remain functional.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m75-280

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Five horses were experimentally exposed to equine herpesvirus 2 strain LK. Two young foals developed chronic pharyngitis (98 and 232 days, respectively). Growth characteristics, cytopathic effects (CPE), inclusion body formation, ether sensitivity, and immunofluorescent analysis indicated that the virus recovered from infected animals was a herpesvirus serologically identical with, or at least antigenically related to EHV-2 strain LK. No significant complement-fixing (CF) or virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody responses were observed in adult horses while both foals demonstrated a rise in CF antibody titer. One of the two foals demonstrated a rise in VN antibody only. The results suggest that EHV-2 virus induced chronic pharyngitis, primarily the result of lymphoid proliferation, with no overt clinical signs.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m75-281

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The present study has shown that the glutamate or aspartate families, plus the aromatic amino acid family are required for growth ofVitreoscilla stercoraria. Furthermore, glutamine can substitute for the glutamate family, asparagine and methionine can replace the aspartate family, and tyrosine can substitute for the aromatic family. Amino acids which are easily oxidized by this organism, particularly serine and cysteine, stimulated growth. From these data, a defined medium was devised, which contained the fewest amino acids that could support good growth ofV.stercoraria.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m75-282

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The use of Concanavalin A as a coupling agent for sensitization of sheep erythrocytes with an alkaline extract ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaeorganisms is described in this paper. The sensitized erythrocytes were used in a plaque assay for enumeration of antibody-producing cells and in hemagglutination and hemolysin tests for determination of serum antibody.Rabbits were immunized intraperitoneally, intravenously, or via the footpad with viableN.gonorrhoeaeorganisms. Plaque-forming cells were found in draining lymph nodes and in the spleens of these rabbits. The cells from some rabbits also lysed sheep erythrocytes coated with an alkaline extract prepared fromNeisseria meningitidisorganisms. No antibody-producing cells were found in the lymphoid tissues of normal rabbits.Rabbits immunized by all three routes developed high hemagglutination and hemolysin titers. Hemolysin titers were significantly higher than hemagglutination titers when both tests were performed on the same serum samples. Pooled antiserum from these rabbits also lysed erythrocytes coated with a meningococcal antigen, but titers for the specific immunizing species were higher.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m75-283

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

WhenEscherichia coliis frozen rapidly in saline and thawed slowly, survival is very low; however, the inclusion of 3% glycerol or 1% Tween 80 in the saline freezing menstruum results in near complete survival. The release of material from, and penetration of, substances into the cell indicate that both membrane and wall damage occur during freezing and thawing. Glycerol, under these conditions, is able to reduce severely both the damage to the wall and membrane, whereas Tween 80 prevents only membrane damage. This indicates that freezing and thawing in saline results in membrane damage which is lethal to the cell whereas wall damage which occurs is not detrimental to cell survival.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m75-284

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Cultures of eight non-pathogenic species ofNeisseriagrown in simple defined media released lipopolysaccharide (free lipopolysaccharide) by a process distinct from cellular autolysis. Analyses of the pure cellular and free lipopolysaccharides obtained from six species ofNeisseriarevealed that they were remarkably similar and were devoid of detectable O-antigen side chains. Three distinct types of core-oligosaccharides were demonstrated. Type I core-oligosaccharide was a branched structure of α-D-glucopyranosyl units (7 mol) terminated by a reducing end group of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid. Type II core-oligosaccharide containedD-glucose, 2-deoxy-2-amino-D-glucose,L-rhamnose,L-glycero-D-manno-heptose, 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, phosphate, and ethanolamine in a molar ratio of 3:2:1:1:1:1:1. Type III core-oligosaccharide was composed ofD-glucose,L-glycero-D-manno-heptose, 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, and phosphate in a molar ratio of 3:3:1:1. Lipopolysaccharides ofN.caviaeandN.siccacontained type I core-oligosaccharides exclusively, while those ofN.flavaandN.perflavacontained only type II core-oligosaccharide. Cellular lipopolysaccharide fromN.cinereacontained core-oligosaccharides of types I and II in a ratio of 27:73, while the analogous preparation fromN.flavescenscontained core-oligosaccharide types II and III in a ratio of 21:4. Free lipopolysaccharides from these two organisms contained only one type of core-oligosaccharide. Lipid A components of all the lipopolysaccharide preparations were very similar being composed of about 25% by weight of dodecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-dodecanoic acid, and 3-hydroxy-tetradecanoic acid.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m75-285

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Differentiation of swollen hyphal fragments to unicellular arthrospores accompanied the synthesis of cephalosporin C by a series ofCephalosporium acremoniummutants during propagation in a complex medium. The complex medium supported significantly higher synthesis than the defined medium used in previous studies of differentiation inC.acremonium. The mutants differed in their ability to form unicellular arthrospores and to synthesize cephalosporin C, but a one-to-one correspondence between the two properties was not observed. An inverse relation was observed between the growth rates of the mutants and their ability to synthesize cephalosporin C: each mutant produced more antibiotic but grew more slowly than its parent strain. Germination of the unicellular arthrospores occurred in complex medium but differed significantly from the germination of conidia in seed medium. The unicellular arthrospores were examined by electron microscopy and compared with swollen hyphal fragments and slender hyphal filaments. The unicellular arthrospores had a thicker cell wall, rougher cell surface, and had one or more small indentations in their surface. The internal structure of the unicellular arthrospore resembled those of the swollen hyphal fragment and slender hyphal filament. Filaments had lower concentrations of lipid-containing vacuoles which were prevalent in both the swollen hyphal fragments and the unicellular arthrospores.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m75-286

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1975

数据来源: NRC