摘要:

The 2Erwinia carotovoravar.atrosepticaserogroups and 2 out of 16E.carotovoravar.carotovoraserogroups previously established on the basis of diffusible somatic antigens were shown to be serologically related by agglutination procedures using whole cells. The common agglutinating antigen in serogroups I, III, V, and XVIII was heat labile and identified as the bacterial flagella by the fluorescent antibody staining procedure. A few strains in serogroups I and III apparently lacked flagella altogether. Fluorescent antibody staining of whole cells also confirmed that the cell wall antigens of serogroups I, II, and XVIII were related and that the cell wall antigens of serogroups III and V were not related to each other or to the other serogroups.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m80-100

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The effect of rhizobiophages CT3 and CT4 onRhizobium trifoliiSU91 and SU36, respectively, was examined. These phage-susceptible strains were used, either singly or paired with a competing phage-resistant type as inoculum forTrifolium subterraneumplants growingin vitroin agar medium. Addition of bacteriophage to single strain experiments produced no significant effects on total bacterial numbers, nodulation, or plant dry weight. However, when phages were added to the paired inocula, significant decreases in counts of the susceptible strain were observed, frequently accompanied by a rise in numbers of the resistant type. An increase in the proportion of ineffective variants of the susceptible rhizobia was also observed, although plant dry weights and nodule numbers were not altered. These effects were dependent only upon a difference in phage susceptibility of the bacteria and were obtained even when the competing strain was only partially resistant and a relatively poor competitor.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m80-101

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Growth ofMethanospirillum hungatiiGP1 as determined by optical density measurement was comparable to growth assessed by cell dry weight, ribonucleic acid content, and deoxyribonucleic acid content. Cultivation ofM.hungatiion synthetic medium containing mineral salts, vitamins, and acetic acid indicated that, on a dry weight basis, cell constituents such as protein (71%), ribonucleic acid (15.8%), deoxyribonucleic acid (1.6%), and total carbohydrate (3.2%) did not vary significantly with the growth phase. Cells grown in the synthetic medium supplemented with yeast extract and tryptone had slightly higher protein content (76%), but the concentrations of the other cell constituents were similar and did not fluctuate much during growth. Nitrogen limiting growth resulted in somewhat lower ribonucleic acid content as well as slightly higher protein content than that in cells grown in nonlimiting medium.Methanospirillum hungatiidid not accumulate any of the commonly known reserve materials under nitrogen or carbon and hydrogen limiting growth.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m80-102

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

An actinomycete isolated from the rhizoplane of nitrogen-fixing nodules ofCeanothus velutinuswas identified as a variety ofStreptomyces griseoloalbus.Streptomyces griseoloalbusis a strong antagonist to three destructive root pathogens,Phellinus weirii,Fomes annosus, andPhytophthora cinnamomi, inhibiting all three on several culture media and preventing establishment ofF.annosuson hemlock wood disks. The stability and longevity of the antimicrobial substance produced by it, its consistent effect on the pathogens on all substrates, its ability to colonize wood, and its ability to grow at 10 °C suggest biological control possibilities for this organism in the Pacific Northwest.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m80-103

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Serological analyses of typical and atypicalAeromonas salmonicidadivided the representative strains into two distinguishable groups based on their antigenic composition. However, the serological groupings do not coincide with divisions constructed on the basis of physiological reactions. All of theA.salmonicidastrains and the twoA.hydrophilastrains examined share at least one antigen and are sensitive toA.salmonicidabacteriophage 40 RR2.8t. These data reinforce the reasons for placing these two species in the genusAeromonas.Haemophilus piscium, the causative agent of ulcer disease, was serologically indistinguishable fromA.salmonicidaand sensitive toA.salmonicidabacteriophages. This information, in addition to publishedH.pisciumDNA studies, suggests this organism is actually an atypicalA.salmonicida; moreH.pisciumisolates should be characterized to confirm this identification.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m80-104

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Lugol's solution is a practical and efficient fixative for the acetylene-reduction assay of nitrogenase activity in aquatic organisms. Correction must be made, however, for the solubility of ethylene in the liquid phase and reactions between Lugol's solution and ethylene. With a vapor phase – liquid phase volume ratio of 1.9:1, the mean solubility of ethylene in mixtures of lake water and Lugol's solution was 7.2%. No correlation was found between ethylene solubility and the concentration of Lugol's solution. Storage of fixed samples for more than 1 day before gas chromatographic analysis resulted in increased loss of ethylene from the vapor phase; the loss amounted to ca. 18% after 3 days. Higher losses were noted at higher concentrations of Lugol's solution. Most probably these effects were caused by iodine addition to ethylene, as indicated by the consumption of ethylene by iodine – potassium iodide solutions. The reaction was catalyzed by the rubber septa of the incubation vessels when the septa were in contact with the liquid phase. Loss of ethylene decreased with increased concentration of phytoplankton because the organisms absorbed iodine. By using a standardized technique and determining ethylene solubility and reaction patterns between ethylene and the mixture of water and Lugol's solution, it is possible to correct for the loss of ethylene.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m80-105

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Several strains ofRhizobium japonicumhave been reported to consist of mixtures of stable derivatives having distinct colony morphologies and physiological characteristics. We isolated derivatives from strains ofR.japonicumand systematically compared them with previously isolated derivatives with respect to the utilization of biochemicals, antibiotic sensitivity, and soybean lectin binding. With the exception of a pair of derivatives from 3I1b 110, one of which utilized pyruvate and one of which did not, sibling derivatives had essentially identical biochemical utilization patterns. The sibling derivatives of parental strains 3I1b 110 and 3I1b 140 exhibited marked variation in their sensitivities to several antibiotics, including gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. Compared with the derivatives with small colony morphology, derivatives with large colony morphology were in general more sensitive to these antibiotics. With one exception, the binding of soybean lectin to the derivatives was quantitatively the same as that to the parental strain. The anomaly was 110-Y which, in contrast to its parental strain and sibling derivatives, failed to bind detectable amounts of the lectin. 110-Y, as well as all the other derivatives and parental strains, nodulated Disoy soybean.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m80-106

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Blue dextran – Sepharose and Cibacron blue 3G-A interact with pyruvate kinase ofNeurospora crassa. The enzyme is readily released from the substituted Sepharose column by elution with 0.17 Mpotassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.9), or 2 mMfructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP), but not with either of the substrates, ADP and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), at 2 mM. Cibacron blue 3G-A is a noncompetitive inhibitor of pyruvate kinase with respect to both substrates. It appears to compete with the allosteric effector, FDP, for binding to the enzyme surface. A lack of elution of the enzyme from the immobilized blue dextran matrix by adenine nucleotides and the absence of a difference spectrum in the 650- to 700-nm range suggest that a "dinucleotide-fold" substructure is not implicated in the dye binding sites on pyruvate kinase. The interaction of Cibacron blue 3G-A and this enzyme can be followed fluorometrically; incremental addition of the dye to the enzyme solution results in a progressive decrease in the fluorescence of surface tryptophanyl residues. The quenching of fluorescence of exposed aromatic groups is subject to reversal following addition of FDP to the pyruvate kinase – Cibacron blue complex.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m80-107

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

A longitudinal survey of viruses in feral ducks from 1976 to 1978 in the Vermillion area of Alberta, Canada, has shown that influenza A viruses and paramyxoviruses are present year after year in these apparently healthy ducks. Influenza viruses were isolated most frequently each year from mallards, pintails, and blue-winged teals, but were not restricted to these species. During the 3-year survey, 1262 influenza viruses were isolated from 4827 ducks, revealing the high incidence of influenza infection, a finding which contrasts with the very low incidence found in ducks during migration through Tennessee.Many different influenza A viruses were detected in the ducks, including 27 different combinations of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes. These viruses encompass all but one of the known hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes. The virus subtypes in the ducks varied from year to year; however, 6 of these 27 subtypes were present every year. The predominant subtype changed from Hav7Neq2 in 1976–1977 to Hav6N2 in 1978. Antigenic comparisons of current and previous Hav6 viruses isolated from ducks, turkeys, and a shearwater showed that antigenic drift occurs in avian influenza viruses.Paramyxoviruses occur in the Canadian ducks at a much lower frequency than influenza viruses; in 3 years, 69 paramyxoviruses were isolated and included two types: lentogenic NDV and Duck/Mississippi/75.These longitudinal studies indicate that the feral ducks in the study area of Canada are a perpetual reservoir of diverse influenza A viruses and paramyxoviruses.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m80-108

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Rabbit antisera prepared to meningococcal serogroups Y and W135 strains were compared with horse antisera using the antiserum agar method (ASA) for the serogroup identification ofNeisseria meningitidis. Thirty-seven group Y strains formed immunoprecipitates with the Y rabbit serum only, whereas the same Y strains formed immunoprecipitates with both the Y and W135 horse antisera. Forty-seven W135 strains formed specific immunoprecipitates with both the rabbit and horse W135 antisera by ASA. None of the 166 meningococcal isolates, representative of other meningococcal serogroups, formed immunoprecipitates with the groups Y and W135 rabbit or horse antisera. Use of specific Y and W135 rabbit antisera in ASA provides an improved technique for the serogroup differentiation of groups Y and W135 meningococci.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m80-109

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1980

数据来源: NRC