摘要:

The natural occurrence ofPisolithus tinctoriushas been confirmed in 33 countries of the world and in 38 states in the United States. This ectomycorrhizal fungus is found associated with various tree species in nurseries, urban areas, orchards, forests, and strip-mined spoils. Experiments have proved that this fungal symbiont forms ectomycorrhizae withAbies procera,Betula pendula,Carya illinoensis, 11 species ofEucalyptus, 30 species ofPinus,Pseudotsuga menziesiivar.menziesii, 2 species ofQuercus, andTsuga heterophylla.Pisolithushas also been reported growing under natural conditions in association with three additional species ofBetula, two species ofEucalyptus, nine species ofPinus, and eight species ofQuercus,Populus tremuloides,Pseudotsuga grandidenta, andSalix humilis.This fungal symbiont has great potential in forestation efforts because of (1) the availability of practical techniques for artificially introducing it into nursery soils; (2) its ability to improve tree survival and growth in the nursery and the field; (3) its near worldwide distribution on a variety of sites; and (4) its broad host range encompassing many of the world's most important tree species.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m77-033

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

The study of the relationships between MVL 51 virus, of the Gourlay group L 1, and the Mycoplasma cells ofA.laidlawiiduring the first 35 min of infection leads to the conclusion that a "carrier state" has been established, free virus as well as infected and noninfected cells being present at the same time in the cultures.The evidence of a virus growth after 20 min of infection and the high level of remaining viable cells (1.15 × 108 CFU) at the end of the experiment also indicate that the carrier state should persist, at least for some time, being probably an important factor of the virus–cell relationship in the viral group L 1.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m77-034

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

A microorganism of the genusPseudomonashas been isolated from the soil by enrichment culture techniques with linalool(I) as the sole source of carbon and energy. The organism is also capable of utilizing limonene, citronellol, and geraniol as substrates but fails to grow on citral, citranellal, and 1,8-cineole. Fermentation of linalool by this bacterium in a mineral salt medium results in the formation of 10-hydroxylinalool(II), 10-carboxylinalool(III), oleuropeic acid(IX), 2-vinyl-2-methyl-5-hydroxyisopropyl-tetrahydrofuran(linalool oxide, V), 2-vinyl-2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran-5-one(unsaturated lactone, VI), and few unidentified minor metabolites. Probable pathways for the biodegradation of linalool are presented.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m77-035

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Vaccinia virus particles were dissociated into their constituent polypeptides and analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis. Thirty-three distinct polypeptide bands were identified and their molecular weights ranged between 11 000 and 150 000 daltons.Specific staining of gels containing polypeptides of dissociated virions revealed the presence of eight glycopeptides. No lipopeptides were detected.Analysis of chemical extracts (urea, guanidine hydrochloride, and alkali treatment) of the virus by SDS gel electrophoresis indicated that a total of 10 to 14 different polypeptides ranging in molecular weights from 11 000 to 70 000 daltons were solubilized.Analysis of detergent extracts and of the remains of extracted viral particles has shown that the detergent Nonidet P-40 (NP-40) solubilized a total of 11 polypeptides of which 6 were glycopeptides. The other detergents sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) were not as selective, both solubilizing more than 25 of the polypeptides composing the virus. Gel electrophoresis results also indicated that most of the small molecular weight (11 000–70 000 daltons) polypeptides were readily solubilized by NP-40, SDC, and CTAB, while those with molecular weights of 70 000 daltons and higher were not well solubilized.The effects of detergents were also analysed by electron microscopy. Evidence was obtained for subpopulations of viral particles having different susceptibility to detergent extraction.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m77-036

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Seventy-one men who were given live-attenuated A/Hong Kong/68 (H3N2) influenza vaccine during November 1973, and 34 men given placebo were examined for changes in antibody level. Overall, 12 of the 71 men (17%) given the vaccine showed a fourfold rise in haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titre after 14 days. No such rises were seen in the 34 men given placebo. However, 10 of the men showing a fourfold rise were from 19 who had no detectable HI antibody to this virus before vaccination, representing a conversion rate of 53%. The other two had a HI titre of 1/10 before vaccination. The absence of antibody response, at 14 days, in those with an HI titre of 1/20 or greater may indicate that this represents a protective level against infection. However, the vaccine virus was probably overattenuated and may have constituted a weaker challenge than might occur with a wild strain.No influenza virus was isolated from either group in the week after vaccination and no evidence of transmission to the placebo group was seen.Mild symptoms, chills, muscle pain, and stiffness were more frequently seen in the 12 persons showing a fourfold rise in antibody than in the rest of the volunteers.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m77-037

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Spinae are attached to protease-sensitive structural proteins in the external surface of the outer membrane. Agents and (or) treatments affecting ionic, hydrophobic, or hydrogen bonds are ineffective in releasing spinae from bacteria. As judged by thin-sectioning and freeze-fracturing techniques, the outer membrane is not modified at the attachment site to a detectable extent, and the other surface layers are not involved. The attachment of spinae is thus differentiated from that of flagella.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m77-038

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Bottles of medium were inoculated with both strains of Chromatiaceae and Chlorobiaceae (mixed cultures) and immersed at different depths in the marine coastal waters of the Marseilles basin (France). After development, the in vivo absorption characteristics of the cells show the effect of the daylight penetration on the selective growth of phototrophic sulfur bacteria. With depth, sunlight selects Chlorobiaceae rich in brown carotenoid pigments to the detriment of Chromatiaceae.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m77-039

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Properties of the glutamate uptake system ofThiobacillus novelluswere investigated using intact cells. Two kinetically distinguishable components were found and designated as the high-affinity (HA) component with an apparentKmof 33 μM, and the low-affinity (LA) component with aKmof 18 mM. Glutamate accumulation was temperature-sensitive and could be inhibited by the addition of a wide range of inhibitors including cyanide, dinitrophenol (DNP), iodoacetate, mercuric chloride, sodium azide, carbonyl cyanidem-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP), and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). The complex kinetics of the uptake process may be due to the rapid incorporation of added glutamate into a small peptide. This soluble peptide was formed rapidly after glutamate addition, and accumulated in whole cells.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m77-040

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Some effects of light on morphogenesis inSclerotium rolfsiiSacc. were studied. Physiological competence to visible light developed during the first 120 h after inoculation, with an optimum sensitivity phase between 84 and 96 h that coincided with the leading hyphae reaching the edge of the Petri dish. Although sclerotial initials were produced in dark-grown cultures, light was necessary for the continuation of the developmental and maturation phases of sclerotial morphogenesis. Tyrosinase activity (o-diphenol: oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.10.3.1) was detected during sclerotial formation and the pH and temperature optima for this polyphenol oxidase in vitro were about 6.0 and 45 °C respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by cysteine. Similar activity levels of tyrosinase were obtained in blue and 'white' light-grown cultures but in red light activity was comparable with that of dark-grown cultures. Laccase activity was not detected at any stage of development.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m77-041

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: NRC

摘要:

Effects ofTrichoderma harzianumandT.polysporumon chlamydospore production by two isolates ofPhytophthora cinnamomiwere determined over a 21-day period in nonsterile, sterilized, and sterilized amended soil.Trichodermawas either coinoculated withP.cinnamomior added to the cultures on day 3 of the incubation period. In nonsterile soil, conversion of mycelial fragments in theP.cinnamomiinoculum to chlamydospores resulted in an initial slight increase in chlamydospore numbers. In cultures where either of theTrichodermaisolates was added on day 3, a significant reduction in chlamydospore numbers was observed on day 4; however, neither of theTrichodermaisolates at either inoculation time significantly affected chlamydospore numbers by day 21. Results from studies with sterilized amended soil indicated that a reduction inP.cinnamomichlamydospore numbers by either of theTrichodermaisolates was dependent upon availability of simple carbohydrates. In sterilized nonamended soil, the number of chlamydospores was increased in cultures containing eitherTrichodermaisolate; in sterilized amended soil chlamydospore numbers were initially reduced, followed by a general increase as the nutrients were depleted. Neither of theTrichodermaisolates exhibited significant antagonistic qualities towardP.cinnamomi.

ISSN:0008-4166    

DOI:10.1139/m77-042

出版商:NRC Research Press    

年代:1977

数据来源: NRC