ISSN:0951-7383    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The expression and transcription of heat shock proteins and immediate early genes in the central nervous system are greatly affected by disease and injury. However, the participation of these genes in both normal and pathophysiologic function is uncertain. Experiments performed this past year shed light on the possible roles of heat shock proteins and immediate early genes in neurologic tissue.

ISSN:0951-7383    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Molecular cloning of genes for the neurotrophin family and the identification of their high-affinity receptors have recently contributed to our understanding of neurotrophic interactions in the vertebrate nervous system. From their primary sites of synthesis, novel neuronal populations that may be sensitive to the neurotrophins have been identified. Protective roles for these factors following epileptic, ischemic, and hypoglycemic insults have been inferred. Documented neurotrophic actions on basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons imply future clinical applications for the treatment of dementia of both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Studies on structure-function relationships of the neurotrophins hold promises for the development of specific receptor agonists and antagonists with possible basic science and clinical applications.

ISSN:0951-7383    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The successful analysis of mutations in mitochondrial DNA has been a major step forward in our understanding of a number of baffling clinical syndromes, and the application of new technology to analyze and study mitochondrial DNA mutations has led to new insights into the pathogenesis of these disorders. Moreover, the field of mitochondrial DNA diseases is now expanding beyond the limited purview of relatively rare disorders to encompass clinical phenotypes that may be much more frequent in the population.

ISSN:0951-7383    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Much work has been devoted this year to the localization and mode of expression of growth factors and cytokines. Although it is not possible to extrapolate directly from in vitro to in vivo conditions, the plasticity of glial cells seems to be very influenced by growth factors. Astrocytes in vivo do not express many growth factors during normal conditions, but a pathologic event can lift these restrictions. Cytokines and their receptors have been localized on neuronal or glial cell types. The programmed cell death, well identified_in neurons, seems to occur also in oligodendrocytes and may be influenced by survival factors. In the adult brain, glial progenitors are present and may be a potential source to generate myelinating oligodendrocytes for myelin repair. In the peripheral nervous system, axonal-Schwann cell signaling may function in both directions during development. Some animal neurologic mutants are models for human diseases; one of them, the Trembler mouse, has effectively led to the genetic characterization of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1 a. As for myelin destruction, the relationship between demyelination and inflammation is still not very clear.

ISSN:0951-7383    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent progress in human neurogenetics has led to the discovery of new modes of inheritance and disease expression, including 1) stably inherited duplications in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1 a, 2) dynamic mutations in fragile × syndrome and myotonic dystrophy, and 3) identical mutations with different phenotypes in fatal familial insomnia and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The mechanisms by which known mutations of the amyloid precursor protein lead to early-onset Alzheimer's disease remain unexplained, despite hundreds of recent studies of (ß-amyloid).

ISSN:0951-7383    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

For skeletal muscle to contract normally, signals from the neuromuscular junction must be conveyed to the contractile proteins by action potentials that spread across the surface membrane and into the T-tubular system. Hyperexcitability in the surface membrane can lead to unwanted and persistent contraction, while reduced excitability can cause weakness or paralysis. Many of the human muscle diseases that are associated with abnormalities of membrane excitability have been linked to defects in the function of membrane ion channels. Using molecular biologic tools, these abnormal channels can be identified and their molecular defects defined. Advances in these areas now provide the basis for a rational, mechanistic approach to the classification and treatment of these disorders of membrane excitation.

ISSN:0951-7383    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7383    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7383    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Antiplatelet therapy is clearly indicated for long-term secondary prevention after transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke. In stroke-free patients with atrial fibrillation, oral anticoagulants reduce the risk of stroke, and antiplatelet agents may be a lower risk alternative. For the early treatment of the acute phase of ischemic stroke, the role of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy is unclear, but is being evaluated in large clinical trials.

ISSN:0951-7383    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID