摘要:

The histological pattern, volumetric fractions (VF) of tubular and interstitial tissue and the germinal cells, and the mean tubular diameter (MTD) were studied in 175 biopsies from 134 boys aged 3.5–16.9 years with unilateral or bilateral undescended testes. The findings were compared to those obtained in autopsy material from 67 normal boys aged 0.3–20.6 years. In both groups, the qualitative histological pattern was similar to the findings in other reports. In the normal material, VF of spermatogonia A was relatively stable whereas VF of the total spermatogenesis increased sharply after 10 years of age. In the patients, the mean values of both these variables were markedly decreased in all age groups. VF of tubular tissue and the ratio VF tubular/VF interstitial tissue were relatively stable in childhood and increased after 10 years of age both in the patients and in the normal group. In patients aged 3.5–7.9 years, the testicular volume and the volume of tubular tissue per testis were decreased. The MTD of undescended testes was decreased in patients aged 3.5–5.9 years and over 10 years of age. None of the variables investigated showed significant differences between cases with high (intraabdominal and canalicular) and low retention. The results indicated that impairment of the germinal and Sertoli cell lines were usually present in retained testes after 3.5 years of age. The normal maturational changes of tubular and interstital tissues were retarded or absent in pubertal crypt

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1978.tb00571.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Testicular biopsies of two cases of testicular agenesis were studied under the electron microscope, and revealed structures comparable to ductuli efferentes. The microscopic characteristics of these structures are discussed, with particular attention to the ciliary apparatus.

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1978.tb00572.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of prolonged physical and psychological stress on the testicular function was studied in 8 students (age 22–25 years) of the Norwegian Academy of War during a combat course of 5 days' duration. The average urinary excretion of free cortisol and 17‐ketogenic steroids was 81 and 129% higher than the respective control values one week after the course. Plasma cortisol levels increased from 21.7 μg/100 ml at 8 a. m. before the course to 24.6 (P<0.05), and serum HGH rose from undetectable levels,<0.08 ng/ml, to an average value of 12.9 ng/ml ± 3.7 (SD) at 8 a. m. during the course.A marked suppressive effect on plasma testosterone levels from 5.6 ng/ml ± 1.4 to 0.9 ± 0.5, and no adjustment to stress was observed over a 5 day period. TeBG increased gradually from 26.9 nmol/l ± 9.9 to 52.7 ± 17.7 on day 6, followed by a slow decrease without reaching control values on day 12, suggesting that the decreased plasma testosterone levels probably reflect reduced production and not increased metabolism of testosterone. LH fluctuated during the course, but was significantly higher in the morning immediately following the end of the course than at the start (P<0.02). It is postulated that the effect of stress on the plasma testosterone levels is mediated via an action both on the hypothalamus‐pituitary level and on

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1978.tb00573.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The antiandrogenic action of the progestin, medrogestone, in rat and man was ascribed initially to an alteration in testosterone biosynthesis and metabolism rather than to a direct effect via the androgen receptor. However in previous studies we had found that many progestins bind directly to the androgen receptor in mouse kidney and have androgenic, antiandrogenic or synandrogenic activity. It was thus of interest to characterize the effect of medrogestone on androgen action in mouse kidney and to determine if this progestin was bound by the androgen receptor. Medrogestone inhibited the growth response and increase in the activity of β‐glucuronidase and alcohol dehydrogenase induced by exogenous testosterone in the kidney of castrate male mice. It also inhibited the growth response of preputial gland and seminal vesicle. This progestin suppressed nuclear uptake of [3H]androgen in kidney, seminal vesicle and submaxillary gland following thein vivoadministration of [3H] testosterone.In vitro, medrogestone directly inhibited [3H]testosterone binding by the androgen receptor in mouse kidney cytosol. To insure that these effects were not unique to the mouse, similar studies were repeated in the rat. In this species, medrogestone also inhibited nuclear androgen accumulation and receptor binding in prostate and seminal vesicle. Thus medrogestone can affect androgen action directly via binding to the androgen receptor in the mouse and r

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1978.tb00574.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Oestrogens administered to adult males are known to suppress the synthesis of androgens in the testicles. A main effect of this treatment on testicular steroid metabolismin vitroseems to be a significant reduction of 17α‐hydroxylase activity. A concomitant increase in the 20α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was, however, observed in four young oestrogen‐treated transsexual males (Rodriques et al. 1976).We have analysed the metabolism of [3H]progesteronein vitroin testicular tissue incubates derived from six males on current oestrogen treatment and from one male 19 weeks after cessation of oestrogen therapy.The metabolism in general of [3H]progesteronein vitrowas observed to be decreased in all males on oestrogen treatment as compared to control subjects. The metabolite 20α‐dihydroprogesterone was found to constitute between 85–91 per cent of all metabolites formed in the patients under treatment.On the contrary, the metabolic pattern observed in the previously treated male, appeared to be fully consistent with the patterns observed in non‐treated control subjects. Thus, the main alterations in intratesticular progesterone‐metabolism caused by exogenous administration of oestrogens, at least for 23 consecutive weeks, seem to be compl

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1978.tb00575.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Gonadotrophic hormones appear to influence the preferred pathways for intratesticular androgen biosynthesis. Individuals with low levels of gonadotrophin in the peripheral circulation, as e. g. prepubertal boys and a hypophysectomized adult male, have previously been shown to metabolize [3H]progesteronein vitromainly to 20α‐dihydroprogesterone (20α‐DH‐P) and less to 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone (17α‐OH‐P), i. e. an “immature metabolic pattern” (Berg et al. 1976; Kjessler&Berg 1976b).With physiologically increasing amounts of circulating gonadotrophins the preferred metabolic pathwayin vitroshifts in favour of 17α‐OH‐P, i. e. a “mature metabolic pattern”. Such an alteration in the preferredin vitrometabolic pattern of [3H]progesterone has also been obtained by exogenous administration of gonadotrophins to a 47, XYY‐male with an initially immature metabolic pattern (Berg&Kjessler 1976).We have sequentially analysed the metabolism of [3H]progesteronein vitroin testicular incubates derived from a chromosomally normal male before and after 16 weeks of substitution therapy with gonadotrophic hormones.The patient originally displayed an “immature” pattern of progesterone metabolites, i. e. the ratio 20α‐DH‐P/17é‐OH‐P was 3.04. After treatment with human menopausal gonadotrophins and hCG, the metabolic activity in total had increased, and the ratio 20é‐DH‐P/17é‐OH‐P had switched to 0.39.These results confirm and extend the concept that gonadotrophic hormones may have a regulatory function on androgen biosynthesis by stimulating the oxidative metabolic pathway from progesterone to bio

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1978.tb00576.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cyproterone acetate, testosterone propionate, progesterone and oestradiol were given to adult rats for 30 days, and the effects on the seminiferous tubules were studied. The contractility of the seminiferous tubules was not affected by cyproterone acetate or progesterone, but was totally abolished by testosterone and oestradiol. The effects of these steroids on spermatogenesis were studied histologically and electron microscopically.Cyproterone acetate was observed to induce a clear‐cut increase in the lipid content of the Sertoli cells and mitochondrial changes in all stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium.The increase of lipid content was smaller with progesterone. Oestradiol caused an accumulation of phagocytosed lipid material in Sertoli cells. These steroids did not change the protein composition of the rete testis flui

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1978.tb00577.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bilateral testicular biopsy was performed in 30 infertile men with azoospermia or with less than 30 mill. spermatozoa per ml. Blood serum was analysed for sperm‐agglutinating antibodies prior to the operation and during six months post‐operatively. Out of 26 subjects, with no sperm‐agglutinating antibodies in the blood, only one had a weak and transitory agglutinating activity post‐oper

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1978.tb00578.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cell‐mediated immune response to washed, frozen and thawed mouse epididymal sperm after experimental vasectomy has been studiedin vitro. Vasectomy without vasoligation results in cellular sensitization to sperm‐specific antigens. This is in contrast to conventional vasectomy where this does not occur. It is believed that the detected cellular response may be due to extravasation of spermatozoa. However, neither the antigen(s) responsible nor the mechanism(s) involved are cl

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1978.tb00579.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A single oral sterilizing dose of α‐chlorohydrin (80 mg/kg) produced obstructive retention cysts in the caput epididymis and ductuli efferentes of the male rat with resultant destruction of the spermatogenic epithelium. The weights of androgen dependent organs other than the epididymidis were not changed by the treatment, suggesting that androgen secretion was not impaired. Serum prolactin was elevated for several weeks after α‐chlorohydrin possibly correlated with a diuretic action. LH secretion was unchanged for 4 days, significantly elevated at 7 days, then slowly declined to normal, a result which could not be correlated with the other endocrine changes. Serum FSH was significantly elevated by day 4 and remained high for the period of the experiment. The results support the idea of separate controlling mechanisms for LH and FSH secretion. The rapid and persistent rise in FSH supports the view that a hormonal factor (inhibin) is normally produced by the seminiferous epithelium. The possibility that inhibin is normally absorbed via the epididymis and in these experiments fails to reach the systemic circulation because of the epididymal lesion is disc

ISSN:0105-6263    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1978.tb00580.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY