摘要:

AbstractPigeons reared from 2 pairs of healthy pigeons were fed on diets of either adequate (18%), medium (11%), or low (8%) protein for the first 30 days of life. The subjects were then placed on the 18% diet from 30 days of age until training and testing which was begun at 60 ± 3 days of age. Performance on a MULT FR30 FI60 was evaluated and the differences in the time necessary for the medium and low groups to stabilize were found to be statistically significant. Massed extinction trials to the FI were then begun followed by a schedule of MULT FR EXT. Differences between the adequate and inadequate protein groups were again found in both conditions. Other qualitative differences were found among the goups which suggested an analog of emotional lability and retardation

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420070102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInfant squirrel monkeys of the Colombian and Peruvian varieties were reared on surrogates until they were 24 weeks old. The weights of the Colombian animals were consistently greater than those of the Peruvian animals, and the males of each type were heavier than the respective females. The behavior of both groups was similar in most respects and much like that reported for surrogate‐reared rhesus infants. However, the Colombian infants did spend less time than the Peruvians on the surrogate during the first 12 weeks, and none of the animals exhibited anything resembling the stereotyped body‐rocking that has been described for the surrogate‐reared r

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420070103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInfant squirrel monkeys were reared with surrogates and tested at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of age on their preferences for odors and colors of the surrogates. Surrogates in the rearing color that contained an infant's own odor were preferred to clean ones of the same color. Surrogates in the rearing color that did not contain an animal's scent were generally not preferred to different colored surrogates that were also clean. The results suggest that olfaction plays an important role in the development of social attachment in the young squirrel monkey and is more effective than at least one source of visual information.

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420070104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPsychomotor development from birth to 18 days of age was observed in 3 lines of mice selected for high (H), medium (M), and low (L) brain weight. Litters were cut to 8 at birth and half of the individuals randomly assigned to a practiced group tested daily; the remainder were assigned to a nonpracticed group and were tested only on selected tests on the day at which their littermates met a predesignated criterion. Significant differences between the lines were found in open field activity, balancing on a rotorod, age of eye‐opening, and edge avoidance. The H‐line was generally more advanced than either M or L. On some measures, righting for example, no strain variation was found. The effects of practice were usually significant, but did not abolish strain differences.Most research on the behavioral effects of genetic variation in the nervous system has been concerned with effects of mutant genes producing major disruption of developmental patterns. Our results indicate that genes affecting the rate and amount of normal brain growth also influence behavioral development. Genes of this type may be responsible for some of the individuality of behavioral phenotype found in natural populati

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420070105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEffects of handling on both maternal and infant behavior were observed daily on laboratory mice from birth to weaning. Pups were cross‐fostered after 7 days in order to assess enduring effects of handling on mothers and infants separately. The handling manipulation resulted in increases in maternal behavior which were stimulating to pups during the first 7 postpartum days. However these effects dissipated sometime during the 24‐hr period between observations, as handled litters observed prior to the handling manipulation did not differ from unhandled litters, and neither maternal nor infant effects of handling were significant, following cross‐fost

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420070106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent interpretations of ultrasonic signaling by infant and adult rodents have emphasized the quality of the eliciting stimuli and acoustical parameters of the vocalizations. Infant calls have been hypothesized as being of 2 types: coldelicited and tactually elicited. Adult calls have been hypothesized as reflecting 2 distinct messages: aggressiveness and submission. These interpretations lack an adequate empirical foundation. Further, they suppose a capability of encoding and decoding vocal information by rodents for which no empirically established basis exists. An alternative explanation of both infantile and adult ultrasounds is offered. The proposed model hypothesizes that these vocalizations reflect a state of arousal and that they produce a similar state in nearby animals.

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420070107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMale rats in which the glans penis was removed at 20 days of age showed all of the sexual behavior patterns of normal rats, including ejaculation, when tested as adults. However, the distribution of the behaviors within the patterns was statistically different from normal: the experimental males required a greater number of mounts and a longer time for ejaculation than did control males.

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420070108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe behavioral responses of developing larvae of the zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio) to vibratory stimulation are described. Larvae begin to respond after 4‐5 days from the time of fertilization (the approximate time of hatching). Once this response appears, the characteristic movement, the latency of the response, and the sensitivity of the larva to sound do not change for a period of several days. A number of related behavioral changes are observed at the same time the response to sound appears.The larval startle response is a characteristic pronounced tail flip. It is very similar to the adult startle response which is believed to be mediated via Mauthner's neuron. The data suggest that the usual response may be due to a wave of muscular contractions along one side of the larva, as would be expected to result from an action potential in a Mauthner cell. More complex responses were also observed and are describe

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420070109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of maternal undernutrition during gestation and lactation upon the incentive value of a food reward and upon performance and reversal learning in an escape‐from‐water task. The results of the present experiments suggest that offspring of underfed mothers have lower incentive values for food rewards than control offspring, although they are able to perform comparably in an escape‐from‐water task. The implication is that the results of hunger‐motivated tests of problem solving or learning in maternally undernourished and control offspring ar

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420070110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTonic immobility (TI) was induced by means of ventral restraint in White Leghorn chicks within 12‐hr posthatch (Day 0) and, in independent groups, on succeeding days through Day 10. Durations of immobility and eye closure increased and incidence of immobility termination and vocalization decreased significantly with age. Marked qualitative changes in immobility reactions were also apparent over the first few posthatch day

ISSN:0012-1630    

DOI:10.1002/dev.420070111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY