摘要:

Abstract:This paper was first delivered to a meeting of the Howard League in Scotland in March 1991. The Scottish tradition of imprisonment has always betrayed a healthy scepticism about the reforming value of imprisonment in itself, recognising that it is primarily a punishment which consists of the deprivation of liberty. The rehabilitation of the prisoner is likely to come about, if at all, as a result of personal change. Future recidivism is likely to be affected, positively or negatively, by external features, such as accommodation, support and employment. This realism has now been translated into a set of ideals. The challenge facing bodies such as The Howard League is to ensure that the Prison Service translates these fine ideals into fine deeds.

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1992.tb00725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This paper examines the costs of community service orders, and compares them with the costs of alternative custodial sentences. Twelve Scottish community service schemes are studied. Costs are disaggregated to component activities (assessment, matching, placement supervision and breaches), and average costs per offender calculated and compared. It is found that, while cheaper than custody, community service is not as cheap as recent central government figures suggest. On average, community service costs the same as about six weeks of custody. The implications for cost of changes to the organisation, funding and utilisation of community service orders are discussed.

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1992.tb00726.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This paper examines notions of probation effectiveness being applied in one metropolitan area probation service, and considers the impact of recent managerial and policy initiatives on the work and effectiveness criteria used by probation staff. The paper is structured around a number of key themes including: the respective prominence of input and output measures of performance; factors influencing and explaining the use of such measures; perceptions of promotion criteria and survival tactics within the service, and the role of management and management information systems. Through such themes, the paper illustrates the socially constructed nature of the concept of organisational effectiveness and of management information systems. In particular, it highlights how pressures being exerted on the service have served to deemphasise the effects of probation supervision on criminal careers. The paper adds further weight to the arguments of those who question the privileged status given to accounting‐based solutions to the problems of public sector managemen

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1992.tb00727.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:In this article we reconsider the ‘discount’ for pleading guilty. This stems from our discovery that about one in eight Crown Courts in five Circuits were awarding more custodial sentences to those pleading guilty than for those convicted at trial (Reverse Differential). Multiple regression analysis (MRA) of four administrative variables showed overall the ‘Not Guilty plea’ rate was significant; for remanded defendants other administrative variables were relevant. It was evident that in terms of the MRA there were deviant localities from both ‘High’ and ‘Reverse Differential’ courts. To examine this further we resort to descriptive statistics, which show that the MRA significance is produced by a minority of courts; the majority of ‘High’ and ‘Reverse Differential’ courts have, administratively, much in common. We then examine the specific administrative characteristics of all these courts and discover a paradox: ‘High’ and ‘Reverse Differential’ courts rarely share administrative characteristics, but they also vary greatly within each group. Finally we consider whether there are further advantages to defendants opting for trial in the RD courts in terms of their acquittal rates. In general there are. On this evidence we are unable to account fully for the two modes

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1992.tb00728.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1992.tb00729.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1992.tb00730.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1992.tb00731.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY