摘要:

Abstract:It has been debated for some time whether lower rates of personal victimisation among the elderly are due to the fact that ‐ because of fear or other reasons ‐ they shield themselves from situations in which they might be victimised. This ‘differential exposure’ explanation is examined using data from the 1982 British Crime Survey which provides risks for different age/ sex groups and detailed information about respondents' ‘lifestyles’. Looking at evening ‘street’ offences, differences in risks between the age groups change very little when account is taken of different patterns of going out: irrespective of frequency, means of travel, destination and activity, the elderly are still less frequently victimised. Some theoretical and practical implications of the finding

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1985.tb00509.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:In 1981 prisoners'protests occurred in 116 of Poland's 146 prisons, with almost half of the Country's total prison population taking part. The causes, course and consequences of these protests are examined in this article, which identifies four distinct phases, culminating in the riots of the (phase of hopelessness'. As a result of the protests a number of improvements were made to prisoners' living conditions and legal status, as well as some alleviation of prison discipline and the extension of conditional release. Many of these reforms were brought to an end when martial law was introduced in December 1981.The Polish prison system is in urgent need of further reform if it is to avoid another wave of protests and a deepening of the crisis in its penal institutions.

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1985.tb00510.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The function of the probation service is the subject of increasing attention. There is much disagreement both within the service and amongst other interested parties, about the direction of future policy. The issue of compulsory attendance at day centres draws together the main issues being debated. This paper describes the short history of day centres in this field and suggests that during this period there has been a significant change in the political climate affecting the development of practice. The paper is written from a practitioner's standpoint and it argues that a rapid expansion of day centres without adequate forethought and resource provision, will contribute significantly to a move away from the service's traditional role of helping people in trouble. It examines the dilemma surrounding voluntary or compulsory attendance and whilst suggesting that the principle of diverting people from custody through the use of probation orders and voluntary day centre attendance needs to be tested out, asserts that compulsory attendance need not be an attack on people's integrity. This paper underlines that there is a place for day centres within the criminal justice system and delineates a set of principles which should underpin both policy decisions and actual day to day practice.

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1985.tb00511.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The measures introduced in the 1982 Criminal Justice Act show signs of accelerating the trend towards the use of custodial penalties for persistent and/or serious juvenile male offenders. This situation places an unwelcome obligation on practitioners within social services or the probation service to develop programmes offering sufficient control and containment to appear to magistrates as credible alternatives to custody. At the same time strategies must be devised to maintain the place of such programmes at the top of the tariff so that they take only those offenders who would otherwise have been placed on detention centre or youth custody orders. Recently initiated time‐intensive community‐based schemes may help some young offenders, but the authors argue that a realistic alternative is presented by developing structured goal‐oriented packages which involve a determinate period in residential

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1985.tb00512.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The Green Paper Intermittent Custody, published in June 1984, demonstrates the Home Office's interest in the idea of part‐time prison, and signals its intention to introduce some variant of it on at least an experimental basis. This article comments on the Green Paper, and discusses the likely effects of intermittent custody in England and Wales in the light of its use elsewhere, and of experience here with the introduction of other penal innovations, such as suspended sentences and detention centres here. The principles involved in the Home Office's proposals are also related to themes of the ‘return to justice’ penal reform agenda, and finally to broader issues of the relationship of the prison to the community, and the shifting balance between the provision of welfare and the imposition of social control. It is argued that the introduction of intermittent custody in England and Wales would be particularly unwelcome coming at the same time as the current prison building prog

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1985.tb00513.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1985.tb00514.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1985.tb00515.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Understanding Child AbuseDavid N. Jones (Ed.).Crime and Police EffectivenessR. Clarke and M. Hough.Murder into ManslaughterS. Dell.The Prevention of Crime among Young PeopleParliamentary All‐Party Penal Affairs Group.Probation Practice: Client Support under Social ControlN. Fielding.Social Work with Adult OffendersJ. Lishman (Ed.).Juvenile Delinquency: Trends and PerspectivesM. Rutter and H. Giller.Juvenile Justice in the United KingdomS. McCabe and P. Treitel.The Delinquent: Directions for Social ControlM. Hoghughi.Community Service — A Guide for Sentencers: The Experience to DateStephen Shaw.Just and Painful: A Case for the Corporal Punishment of CriminalsG. Newman.The Training of Prison GovernorsP.A.J. Waddington.Community Treatment of Juvenile Offenders: The DSO ExperimentsS. Kobrin and M.W. Klein.Consumerist CriminologyL.T. Wilk

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1985.tb00516.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-5527    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2311.1985.tb00517.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY