摘要:

A description is given of a docodont lower jaw from the Forest Marble of Kirtlington Quarry in Oxfordshire. This specimen has one premolariform and two molariform teeth and it has been placed in a new genus and speciesSimpsonodon oxfordensis,gen. and sp. nov.Five isolated upper and five isolated lower teeth have been referred to the same species. One upper tooth comes from Watton Cliff in Dorset, the rest arc from Kirtlington Quarry. The new docodont is remarkable in having a well‐defined ‘pseudotalonid’ lying mesial to the ‘trigonid’, and the upper molars are functionally similar to the quadritubercular molars of the Placentalia. The evolutionary significance of this is

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1987.tb01342.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The phylogenetic relationships of the African mainland species of the genusRhampholeon(formerly referred to the genusBrookesia) with respect toBrookesia superciliaris, Bradypodion pumilus, and the genusChamaeleoare analysed.Rhampholeonconstitutes a genus well separated fromBrookesiaand may itself be subdivided in two subgroups on the basis of characters derived from the nasal and parietal complexes. A final section investigates problems of cladistic analysis, viz. the relationship of parsimony to character weighting, and pattern versus process as complementary perspectives of character analysis and coding.

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1987.tb01343.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Among diplopods with desert populations, only three species of Spirostreptida have been studied in an ecological context. The present review compares regional environments, life‐history patterns, and uses of habitat byOrlhoporus ornatus(Girard) from southwestern North America,Archispirostreptus tumuliporus judaicus(Attems) from the eastern Mediterranean seaboard, andHarpagophora nigra(Attems) from southwestern Africa. Published and unpublished studies are used to explore evidence for convergence among these species, as opposed to traits adapting them to physical aspects of given regions or habitats. UnlikeA. t. judaicus, O. ornatusandH. nigraare relatively restricted to arid habitats, although populations of all three species experience a variety of rainfall regimes and regional topographies. Where studied,O. ornatusandH. nigrahibernate during the long, often cool or cold dry season; they forage following warm‐season rains.A. t. judaicus, in contrast, forages during its long, warm dry season and hibernates in the cool, wet winter. Populations from the Judaean and Negev deserts differ from those inhabiting a mesic habitat (Megiddo) closer to the coast in regard to rates of development, seasonal activity and seasonal water balance. Convergence in the form of well‐developed desiccation resistance characterizes the two strictly desert species. All three species, together with other subtropical millipedes exposed to long dry seasons, are convergent with respect to patterns of diel surface activity and use of shelter. However species‐ and habitat‐specific life‐history features such as the seasonal timing of dormancy and emergence tend to mask convergence at the habitat level. Hence, the independent evolution of the three species with desert populations has resulted in life histories and habitat use that combine a moderate amount of convergence with considerable opportunistic adaptation to regional and local

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1987.tb01344.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Gregarious roosting behaviour and nocturnal activity is virtually unknown within the family Hesperiidae. Observations onCelaenorrhinus fritzgaertneri(Bailey) from Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica, are presented which demonstrate that, during the dry season, individuals roost gregariously in cave‐like situations during the day and are nocturnally active. Circadian behaviour is highly synchronized with regard to timing of departures and arrivals at the roosting site, and appears to be regulated by light levels. Individuals on the roost are in reproductive diapause and show marked roost‐site fidelity and longevity. The break‐up of roosts appears to be mediated by the onset of the first rains of the season. These observations are compared and discussed in relation to gregarious roosting in other Lepidoptera. Two possible life history strategies to explain roosting inC. fritzgaertneri, with appropriate experiments, are suggested for future st

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1987.tb01345.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1987.tb01346.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1987.tb01342a.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY