摘要:

Four new species of soft corals are described from the shallow sublittoral of southern Africa. Three of the species are referable to the genusAlcyoniumLinnaeus, 1758 (family Alcyoniidae), although two of these possess growth forms that are atypical for most members of the genus. A revised diagnosis of the genus is therefore included. A new species in the family Nephtheidae is also described, this being referable to the genusCapnellaGray, 1869. All four species are from the region between the Cape of Good Hope Peninsula and the eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This is the region of the Agulhas Bank, an austroafrican biogeographic region that shows a high incidence of endemism with respect to the marine invertebrate fauna.

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1988.tb01524.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the female genital system ofZygaenamoths, an additional pair of accessory glands is present besides the Y‐shaped sebaceous gland. The term ‘Petersen's glands’ is proposed for these organs. Anatomy, histology, histochemistry and cytology of Petersen's glands ofZygaena trifoliiare described. The sac‐like glands, situated in the extreme dorsocaudal part of the abdomen, can be divided into a purely secretory part consisting of acini with large pear‐shaped gland cells and a reservoir part with combined secretory and storage function. The secretory cells of the acini are penetrated by long curved ductules or secretory end apparatuses having feltwork consisting of very fine filaments. The cytoplasm is characterized by abundance of smooth tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ATER) and the presence of peroxisomes. This cytoplasmic organization is in accordance with the chemical composition of the sticky secretion, which evidently consists completely of lipids. The ultrastructure of the epithelium lining the reservoir of the glands has both traits of secretory and of transporting epithelia. Besides contributing to the secretion, it may be involved in absorption of residual aqueous phase from the contents of the

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1988.tb01525.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Oviposition behaviours of female, and mate acquisition and defence behaviours of male,‘Procordulia’ grayi, Procordulia smithiiandHemicordulia australiae(three phylogenetically close corduliid species) are contrasted. Twelve distinct methods of oviposition occur involving different motor patterns. These different oviposition behaviours place ova into different microhabitats. Each species has a distinct repertoire of oviposition methods, with only one of the 12 methods occurring in more than one species. The oviposition behaviours differ in their susceptibility to male interference. The implications for male sperm displacement tactics and for the development of conditional male strategies are discussed. Male mating behaviour varies with the geometry of the breeding site, in a manner consistent with an ideal free distribution model where females vary in their ‘value’ through differential susceptibility to takeover by other males. It is shown that differential susceptibility of females to takeover would stabilize the observed mixed mating strategy among male ‘P.’ grayi an

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1988.tb01526.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The recently proposed hypothesis that the living birds and the living mammals are sister groups, together forming a natural taxon Haemothermia, is contrasted with the more traditional view, that birds and crocodiles are living sister groups within the taxon Archosauria. Of the 28 or so characters claimed to be unique to the Haemothermia, several are found to be structurally or developmentally different in birds compared to mammals. Others are found to occur also in crocodiles. In either case the status of the characters as homologues categorizing the group becomes doubtful, and only about eight characters remain as potentially acceptable. In contrast, some 24 characters are identified as potential homologues of birds plus crocodiles and therefore categorizing the group Archosauria, and this hypothesis must be judged preferable. The evidence of the characters of fossils can be used legitimately to test cladograms, but only to a limited extent. Nevertheless, the relevant fossils do support the Archosauria rather than the Haemothermia hypothesis. Cladograms logically may, and methodologically should, be taken as theories of phylogenetic relationships, and are potentially subject to independent evolutionary tests.A prioricharacter weighting is sound in principle but cannot be applied in practice for want of the necessary, independently acquired knowledge of how characters change in evolution. The relative dates of the fossils is shown to be more compatible with the Archosauria than the Haemothermia classification. Finally, the hypothetical common ancestors that are implied by the two respective cladograms are compared. That shared by mammals and birds, as implied by the Haemothermia theory, would have been functionally incongruent, and therefore less probable than that shared by birds and crocodiles. These several lines of evidence all lead to the conclusion that the traditional theory of a relationship between birds and crocodiles,vis à vismammals is substantially the better supported

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1988.tb01527.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0024-4082    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1988.tb01524a.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY