摘要:

Thyroid function was studied in 75 fetal blood samples obtained by cordocentesis from red cell isoimmunized pregnancies at 18–37 weeks of gestation. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and free and total thyroxine and triiodothyronine were significantly higher than in normal controls. Furthermore, there was a significant association between the increase in TSH and the degree of fetal anemi

ISSN:1015-3837    

DOI:10.1159/000263579

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied the fetal and maternal characteristics that affect the diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation and lead to variations in the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. The population comprised the 18,166 women who consulted and delivered in two teaching hospitals in Paris from 1978 to 1983. Specificity was lower when a child was born before 37 weeks, with a small weight-for-gestational age, and when the mother had experienced complications during either her obstetric history or current pregnancy. Conversely, sensitivity was higher when these maternal and fetal characteristics were present. Positive predictive values rose in the presence of a risk factor for small-for-dates, but the rise was smaller than would have been expected if sensitivity and specificity had remained at the levels observed in the low-risk group.

ISSN:1015-3837    

DOI:10.1159/000263580

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have examined the expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II gene products in the developing human fetal peripheral nervous system. As determined by RNA blot hybridization analysis, MHC class I RNA was readily detectable in extracts prepared from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) obtained from aborted human fetal material. However, utilizing similar methodology, it was not possible to detect MHC class II RNA. In conjunction with these studies, expression of MHC class I and II proteins in primary human fetal DRG tissue was examined by fluorescence-activated flow cytometry and protein immunoblotting. Consistent with the detection of MHC-specific RNA, the accumulation of MHC class I-specific protein was readily detectable in human fetal DRG neural cell populations with little, if any, accumulation of MHC class II-specific protein evident. These studies suggest that MHC gene products may be expressed early in the development of the human nervous system resulting in the generation of specific immunocompetent neural cell populations.

ISSN:1015-3837    

DOI:10.1159/000263581

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Direct intravascular fetal transfusion under ultrasound guidance has become an important method of treating fetal anemia secondary to maternal red cell alloimmunization. An estimate of normal circulating volume would be useful in selecting the volume of donor blood to be transfused to achieve a desired final hematocrit. Thirty-five fetuses between 21 and 35 weeks of gestation underwent 67 direct intravascular transfusions. The fetoplacental volume relative to fetal weight estimated by ultrasound was found to be relatively constant throughout gestation at approximately 100 cm3/kg. The severity of fetal hemolytic disease and its treatment with intauterine transfusions did not appear to alter the fetoplacental volume. A nomogram for fetoplacental blood volume versus gestational age is described.

ISSN:1015-3837    

DOI:10.1159/000263583

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The plasma catecholamine concentration was evaluated in umbilical venous blood obtained by cordocentesis performed in 77 fetuses for indications including: nonimmune hydrops; Rh incompatibility; intrauterine growth retardation; polyhydramnios; anomalies; immunological disorders, and possible viral infection. The pH as well as pO2 of the umbilical venous blood showed a notably significant negative correlation with the norepinephrine concentration (r = ––0.5607, r = ––0.4467); while pCO2 was also significantly correlated with the norepinephrine concentration (r = 0.4955). When the pCO2/pO2 ratio was tentatively put up for comparison, the ratio was undoubtedly better correlated (r = 0.60442) with the fetal norepinephrine concentration than any other biochemical variable. Moreover, the ratio over 2.0 suggests that fetal catecholamine values have reached abnormal

ISSN:1015-3837    

DOI:10.1159/000263584

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Thoraco-amniotic shunting was performed in 51 singleton pregnancies for decompression and chronic drainage of fetal pleural effusions (n = 47), pericardial effusion (n = 1), or pulmonary cysts (n = 3). Five fetuses had chromosomal defects and in 4 the parents elected termination of pregnancy. All 18 non-hydropic fetuses and 14 of the 28 with hydrops survived. Thoraco-amniotic shunting is useful for diagnostic evaluation and treatment of fetuses with pathologic collection of intrathoracic fluid.

ISSN:1015-3837    

DOI:10.1159/000263586

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Second trimester amniotic fluid (AF) is generally clear or very light yellow. We examined the color of 2,141 AF samples. Fifty-six specimens were brown, 35 were green. There were 71 samples with abnormal karyotype (3.46%). In the group with brown AF, there were 7 abnormal karyotypes out of 56 (12.5%). There was 1 case of aneuploidy out of the 35 green samples (2.86%). We conclude that green AF in the second trimester, absent any other findings, carries no special significance, but brown AF carries a fourfold increased incidence of chromosomal aneuploidy in patients undergoing genetic amniocentesis.

ISSN:1015-3837    

DOI:10.1159/000263587

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Using pulsed Doppler ultrasound, blood flow in the inferior vena cava (IVC) was studied in 47 normal fetuses from 24 to 40 weeks of gestation and 35 abnormal fetuses, with the exception of those with arrhythmias. The abnormal fetuses were divided into 4 groups according to diagnosis, i.e., 6 cases of heart disease with hydrops (group 1), 9 cases of heart disease without hydrops (group 2), 11 cases of hydrops without heart disease (group 3), and 9 cases of other fetal diseases (group 4). By measuring the velocity of IVC blood flow, we defined a new index, the change in parallel with reverse flow velocity, and called it the preload index (PLI). In normal fetuses, PLI values ranged from 0 to 0.37 and had no relation with gestational age. The PLI was significantly higher in groups 1–3 than in normal fetuses. In group 1, the PLI was also higher than in group 2. In group 3, the PLI values in 4 cases of chylothorax, 1 of chyloascites and 1 of cytomegalovirus infection were significantly lower than in the remaining 5 cases where the cause of hydrops was undetermined. The PLI was normal in 9 fetuses with other diseases and no hydrops. The PLI was increased in conditions in which excessive preload, tricuspid regurgitation, or some kind of structural heart disease were presen

ISSN:1015-3837    

DOI:10.1159/000263589

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present study was designed to quantitatively evaluate fetal cardiac dysfunction in fetal congestive heart failure associated with cardiogenic hydrops fetalis. Thirty-seven cases of non-immunological hydrops fetalis and/or fetal heart disease were assigned to four groups: (1) hydrops fetalis with structural heart disease; (2) hydrops fetalis without heart disease; (3) structural heart diseases without hydrops, and (4) complete A-V block without hydrops. One hundred and ten control fetuses were also studied. The ejection fraction in the first and third groups was significantly lower than that in the control. In the first group, systolic flow velocity in the descending aorta normalized but gestational age was significantly lower than that in the controls. Compensation of fetal cardiac function in the fourth group (complete A-V block) was noted on the basis of higher flow velocity and higher contractility. The cardiothoracic area ratios of the pathological and control groups were also evaluated.

ISSN:1015-3837    

DOI:10.1159/000263590

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To assess the oxygen utilization of extrauterine goat fetuses with arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation via umbilical vessels, oxygen delivery (OD) and oxygen consumption (OC) were investigated in 19 long-term incubations (incubation periods 58–236 h). The OCs did not change (6.4 ± 1.3 ml/min/kg, mean ± SD, n = 227) when the ODs were more than 10 ml/min/kg, but were significantly suppressed when the ODs were less than 10 ml/min/kg. It was suggested that the oxygen metabolism of extrauterine goat fetuses is equivalent to that of fetuses in ut

ISSN:1015-3837    

DOI:10.1159/000263592

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1990

数据来源: Karger