摘要:

This study, the theoretical part of which is based on a longitudinal cross‐linguistic and cross‐behavioral project with Estonian and German immigrants, demonstrates that communication in multilingual settings demands more than the knowledge of several languages. It also demands the control of socio‐culturally conditioned rules of behavior which regulate language use and may vary with the choice of language. In the methodological and theoretical part, it will be shown that the explication of how languages function in different communicative acts requires, instead of the usual language‐oriented approach, an individual‐centered one in which it is necessary to analyze all communicative elements ‐ verbal, paralinguistic, nonverbal and extraverbal ones ‐ from an integrative perspective. The paper further elucidates multilingualism and multiculturalism, interactional competence, models of multilingual communicative behavior, and sources of misunderstanding in intercultural communication and presents cultureme theory as an appropriate research paradigm

ISSN:0802-6106    

DOI:10.1111/j.1473-4192.1992.tb00020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper is concerned with exploring the relationship between cooperative behaviour and public requests voiced in different Danish accents. Following a method devised by Bourhis and Giles (1976), audiences in a Danish provincial town's five‐screen cinema were asked, over the loudspeaker system, to assist in the planning of future film programmes by completing a questionnaire. This procedure was conducted on four successive nights, each night using a new guise, all of which represented possible norms in the local speech community (viz., Standard Danish, mild and broad Zealand, and Copenhagen varieties). The five audiences were characterized on a series of background variables, making it possible ultimately to demonstrate how different social groups display different levels of cooperation as a function of the guised requests. Although compliance‐gaining was overall most effective when the request was voiced in Standard Danish, intriguing large‐scale differences between audiences emerged. Implications of these findings for applied settings are given, as are their relevance for studies in language attitudes in ge

ISSN:0802-6106    

DOI:10.1111/j.1473-4192.1992.tb00021.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Grammar has begun to resume a prominent place in language teaching, but there are possible problems associated with grammar‐oriented teaching. Form tends to dominate meaning, with all the well‐known problems associated with this. A partial solution to these problems can be found if (a) a meaning‐based grammar is used, and (b) grammar is taught only when it is clearly required and learnable. A Systemic model for a semantico‐grammatical approach is presented, along with an illustration of its usefulness in finding underdeveloped parts of the semanticogrammatical system and a description of a successful preliminary trial in treating them. Since the approach is in its early stages, strong claims are n

ISSN:0802-6106    

DOI:10.1111/j.1473-4192.1992.tb00022.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper deals with the revised system of grammar coding for verbs in the fourth edition of theOxford advanced learner's dictionary of current English, comparing it with its two greatest rivals (the Longman and COBUILD EFL dictionaries). It is shown that OALD4 scores more favourably than the others on six criteria: a) the grammar codes must be unambiguous and easy to use, b) every verb entry must include at least one code, which should be self‐explanatory, c) all the grammatical information should be easy to interpret without reference to a table of codes, d) each verb pattern must be illustrated by examples arranged in the same order as the codes, e) transformational possibilities (passivization, dative alternation, etc.) should be indicated in each verb entry, and f) the codes should be explicit and complete, not collapsed to save space, and the use of brackets is to be avoided. Suggestions are made for improving the OALD verb coding system even furthe

ISSN:0802-6106    

DOI:10.1111/j.1473-4192.1992.tb00023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The main concern of this article is an analysis of patterns of language choice (at the community level) and of language mixing (at the interactional level) in a Chinese/English‐speaking bilingual community in the northeast of England. The social network concept is used as a tool for analysing both the informal social organisation of the community and the manner in which language choice patterns are related to the different types of social relationships contracted by speakers. Particular attention is paid to inter‐generational differences in both informal social organisation and language choice. The analytic framework provided by conversation analysis is adapted to illuminate code‐switching and language mixing practices at the interactional level, which is also seen as associated with inter‐generational differences in personal network structure. Finally, the relationship of social network structure with larger‐scale social and political organisation is

ISSN:0802-6106    

DOI:10.1111/j.1473-4192.1992.tb00024.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Variability has continuously attracted interest among some second language acquisition (SLA) researchers. Attempts have been made to explain interlanguage (IL) variability by appealing to a number of different constructs, including attention to form, planning time, linguistic context etc. A more recent attempt seeks to explain variability through the construct of discourse domain. This paper seeks to demonstrate that, although the attempt to explain variability by situating it within a discourse context is most welcome, it is not likely to be very successful since the concept is not theoretically rigorously defined. Because this definition is loose, it is difficult to distinguish the concept from more widely used concepts in language studies such as topic, genre etc. Therefore, Occam's Razor should be applied and the concept abandoned. Furthermore, evidence in support of the role of discourse domain in language variability is open to question because of a mismatch between the way the concept is defined and the methodology used in the research.

ISSN:0802-6106    

DOI:10.1111/j.1473-4192.1992.tb00025.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated the effects of culture‐specific background knowledge and inferences upon second‐language readers’comprehension of text. Ten Korean adult second‐language readers were asked to think aloud as they read a short story from another culture and then answer a detailed set of post‐reading questions. A qualitative analysis was done on the subjects’verbal report protocols and post‐reading answers to obtain data on the inferences generated, the knowledge structures underlying these inferences, and the effect of activated background knowledge and inferences upon comprehension of a second language text. The results indicate that the activation and generation of culture‐specific schemata and inferences at times significantly affected subjects’comprehension of text. The study provides a picture into how such effects developed as these readers continually constructed, evaluated, and revised their models of the text. The results also indicates that negative effects of culture‐specific schemata on the subjects’interpretation of text could be mitigated or exacerbated by utilization

ISSN:0802-6106    

DOI:10.1111/j.1473-4192.1992.tb00026.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0802-6106    

DOI:10.1111/j.1473-4192.1992.tb00027.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0802-6106    

DOI:10.1111/j.1473-4192.1992.tb00028.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0802-6106    

DOI:10.1111/j.1473-4192.1992.tb00029.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY