摘要:

Intensive interviewing of counselors, supervisors, clients, and community workers associated with a sample of Youth Opportunity Centers led to the conclusion that assumptions of client‐centered therapy are untenable in such settings. The assumptions not found tenable are: (a) client comes voluntarily; (b) client wants help; (c) client accepts counselor's authority; (d) client comes as individual; (e) counselor accepts client. Because of bureaucratic conditions of government programs, because of poverty and demoralization of clients, and because of race and other differences, counseling (except of a highly directive sort) is not possible. A group approach which takes into account the organized nature of the client population is personally recommended and describe

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1969.tb05163.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Psychiatric professionals at a midwestern university outpatient clinic consistently describe certain symptom characteristics for New York Jewish (NY‐J) students. All student applicants during 1966‐67 completed pre‐intake questionnaires, which included a previously validated 20‐item symptom checklist. Neither NY‐J male or female students could be distinguished on stated symptoms from urban non‐Jews or other Jewish students more than expected by chance. Differences obtained were mainly in expressive style, including a search for “meaning” by the NY‐J students; however, the forces inherent in “studenthood” appeared to make the various ethnic and demographic groups more s

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1969.tb05164.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Earlier reviews of the research have reached conflicting conclusions about the relationship between social behavior and academic achievement. A brief but comprehensive review is presented. It is suggested that there is greater consistency in this research area than has previously been noted. When the research is categorized according to sample age level, it is found among younger subjects that high achievers tend to be more socially active than low achievers, while among college‐age students, low achievers tend to be the more socially active. Questions are raised which future research might investigat

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1969.tb05165.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated the relationship between the mother‐child relationship and academic achievement. The population consisted of 45 male achievers and underachievers from a local suburban high school and their mothers. The nature of the mother‐child relationship was measured by the Mother—Child Relationship Evaluation. Generally it was found that mothers of achievers were more accepting of their children than were mothers of underachievers. Further, achievers and underachievers differed in the ability to perceive accurately the maternal attitudes. These findings were interpreted in terms of the etiology of underachievement as described by Roth and Meyersburg in the Non‐Achievement Syndrome. These dynamics involve maternal rejection and the attempts of the underachiever to maintain a dependent relationship with the parents, and the avoidance of adolescent independence via underachi

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1969.tb05166.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Students who were undecided about a vocational choice were compared in two studies with those who were decided. In the first study comparing decided and undecided college freshmen, only chance differences were found for men and women. The second study demonstrated no differences between decided and undecided college‐bound high school students on academic aptitude and high school grades. Undecided students were found to be less vocationally oriented and more intellectually oriented. Reasons for these findings are discussed and some reinterpretations of student indecision are give

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1969.tb05167.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ninety‐four students, in their first year of graduate study, all committed to college teaching as a career, were subjects of this study which investigated vocational exploration as part of the vocational choice process. Findings included (a) a great deal of exploratory activity related to the eventual vocational decision, with subjects reporting that, for the most part, this activity influenced them in their decision; (b) the decision to become college teachers was made rather early: 15 percent had decided to become college teachers in high school, while 44 percent had decided to become college teachers by the beginning of their junior year in college. By the beginning of the senior year, 91 percent had made their choic

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1969.tb05168.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper developmental guidance and existentialism are viewed as parallel but relatively independent modes of thought. The major theoretical dimensions of developmental guidance are summarized and a brief comparison between developmental guidance and existentialism is made. Certain aspects of existential thought are related to some principles of developmental guidance. Existentialism can provide an idiographic dimension to the fundamentally nomothetic theoretical orientation of developmental guidance by complementing an objective understanding of the individual with a subjective understanding.

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1969.tb05169.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Problems in the interpretation of results of studies in which control groups are used are illustrated in a follow‐up study. Subjects who had been counseled over a four‐year period at the Research and Guidance Laboratory for Superior Students at the University of Wisconsin were followed up four years after high school graduation and their performances were compared with those of the members of a control or comparison group. The results are presented and the adequacy of the control group technique is discussed. The validity is questioned of the commonly accepted procedure of selecting control group subjects on the basis of theircurrentcomparability with experimental subjects without adequate history of their development toward that sta

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1969.tb05170.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the recently developed Basic Scales for the SVIB would provide more generalizable and psychologically meaningful information than the regular SVIB Occupational Scales. Four groups of students were used, two entering contrasting four‐year curricula (Science, N‐282,vsNon‐Science, N = 142) and two entering contrasting two‐year curricula (Art, N = 45vsTechnical, N = 62). Basic and regular SVIB scale means were calculated for each group. Those scales with large (approximately one‐half a standard deviation or more) and statistically significant differences were identified for both the four‐year and the two‐year grou

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1969.tb05171.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A sample of 80 patients at a mental health institute were rated on a modified NMZ Scale. The medical factor and age factor were changed into more appropriate forms for such a population. The educational and occupational factors were left in the original NMZ Scale. The sample was followed up, at least 12 months later, to determine the patients' vocational status. Using a multiple correlation with this scale, an r of .75 was determined in predicting later vocational status, with only two items remaining out of those used. A cross‐validation check using 30 patients incorrectly identified six people in terms of their later vocational status and produced a significant phi coefficient of .53. The results are discusse

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1969.tb05172.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY