摘要:

Our key counseling words are ambiguous and misleading. There are a number of possible meanings that could be supplied for each. The words do not have identifiable agreed‐upon relationships to significant events in real life. The result is miscommunication and misunderstanding. The negative effects on counseling research and training are discussed. The points are illustrated by reference to “counseling.” Words should clearly symbolize or describe identifiable events in real life. Writers should try to use words the reality of which can be verified. Readers need to stay reality‐oriented instead of word‐oriented, especially when the relationship between words and reality i

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03546.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using data obtained by Project TALENT, a nationwide study of high school youth, the authors describe the junior college student. The junior college, non‐college, and college students have been compared along six measures of information and eight of general aptitude and ability. Through the use of a six‐group discriminant analysis, it was found that junior college students have a tendency to be more like non‐college students in terms of ability. However, sex differences on the ability measures were greater than the differences among the three college‐planning groups. Although the junior college student looks more like the non‐college student in terms of ability, he appears to be more like the college student in terms of socio‐econo

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03547.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Not too long ago existentialism was considered largely an atheistic philosophy. Today many disciplines are considering the philosophy for its positive attributes. One of the more recent areas to be influenced by existentialism seems to be that of individual counseling, as indicated by the appearance of numerous journal articles within the last few years. One of the more prominent writers in the school of existentialism, Søren Kierkegaard, sometimes called the “father of existentialism,” seems to have been speaking to the modern day counselor as he attempted to describe the process and climate wherein such characteristics as individuality are fost

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03548.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A review of the literature for the past 10 years with specific references to the dropout problems of colleges and universities. There are three major approaches to the problem prevalent: (a) philosophical or theoretical, (b) descriptive studies, and (c) predictive attempts. The scope of the approaches made in these areas and a summary analysis of the results is made. No adequate solutions have yet been found and the author does not presume to suggest them. It is hoped the deficiencies shown and the promising areas of research indicated will stimulate more effort in an apparently neglected field.

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03549.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Measurement of interests via the self‐report type of inventory takes either of two forms—theinteractiveor “free‐response” variety, or theipsativeor “forced‐choice” variety. There are many differences between the two forms but little empirical evidence concerning the validity of one as compared to the other. This study is an investigation of the difference in concurrent validity between an interactive and an ipsative form of a short career preference inventory for college males, using several of the scales on the Strong Vocational Interest Blank as criteria. The results indicate that despite the theoretical and practical differences in the two forms, neither holds any substantial advantage in stati

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03550.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The extent to which college attendance could be predicted by taking into consideration a wide range of variables—ability, school achievement, and socio‐economic, cultural, and personality factors—was examined. Multiple correlation coefficients in the vicinity of .6 were obtained both for the total population and for homogeneous sub‐popu

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03551.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The number, school location, academic preparation and experience, and functions and duties of “elementary school counselors” in California were studied. Questionnaires were answered by 175 counselors, 118 elementary school principals, and 312 teachers in schools employing counselors. The number of children in the participating schools was 133,125, or five per cent of all pupils in grades K‐8 in the State. Counselors reported that they spent 50 per cent of their time working with pupils, 17 per cent with teachers, 10 per cent with administrators, 12 per cent with parents, and 11 per cent with probation, welfare, and other officials. The counselors and the principals generally agreed on the rank order of importance of the functions of elementary school counselors and on the most important skills and personality characteristics counselors should have. The teachers reported that counselors gave them most help by testing individual pupils, counseling with pupils, helping them with classroom problems, and participating in parent conferences. Elements of an ideal counseling program at the district and school level as well as deficiencies in present programs were described by the respon

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03552.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper offers a series of proposals for furthering the development of elementary school guidance. Certain assumptions underlying future action were stated. In proposing a national‐level plan to determine the nature and characteristics of guidance in the elementary school, several possibilities were offered as to organizational plans and leadership responsibility. The main proposal offered in this paper discussed functional operations both in the area of research and experimentation as well as in theory construction. Specific areas of investigation were proposed. A position statement was recommended and several features of such a position statement were suggeste

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03553.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The retention, academic achievement, and change in college plans of students committed to a field of study as freshmen are compared with those who were not sure of their interest. A survey form administered to all the freshmen in the class of 1964, College of Agriculture, was readministered to all those still enrolled seven semesters later. The original hypothesis that the committed student was different from the uncommitted tended to be upheld. The committed student who was dedicated to the study of agriculture was more persistent in his interest in his chosen field; fewer committed students changed majors; fewer withdrew from college.

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03554.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

When 72 male students in a southern theological institution were compared by the manner in which they intended to fulfill their religious vocation (i.e., as missionaries, pastors, or religious education workers), a homogeneity of personality behavior was observed on each of 16 factors. The total sample, however, was reported to be substantially and significantly different from the general population on four factors. No significant difference was reported among the three groups in their need for social approval as measured by the Marlowe‐Crowne SD

ISSN:0031-5737    

DOI:10.1002/j.2164-4918.1966.tb03555.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY