ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The mechanics of respiration were studied during nitrous-oxide halothane anesthesia in 15 apneic infants (weight range, 2.2-5 kg.) ventilated by a time-cycled constant flow ventilator. The dynamic lung-thorax compliance was 2.8 ± 0.3 ml./cm. of water. The dynamic lung compliance was 3.3 ± 0.3 ml./cm. of water and the dynamic chest wall compliance was 22.3 ± 3.5 ml./cm. of water. The inspiratory airway resistance (including tissue viscous resistance) was 63.9 ±3.7 cm. of water/liter/second. The calculated inspiratory work was 6,499 ± 567 g. cm./minute. The elastic inspiratory work was 4,697 ± 427 g. cm./minute. Seventy-two per cent of the total inspiratory work was done against elastic forces. The static total, lung and chest wall compliances were determined in the same infants and did not differ significantly from the corresponding dynamic values.Substituting the determined values for compliance and resistance in a simplified equation of motion for the lung thorax, it was found that the pressures required for inflation of the lung in anesthetized infants are in the same range as in adults.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of 30 mg./70 kg. of propiomazine on the respiratory response to endogenously accumulated CO2was measured in 5 volunteers and found to have no depressant action. Irregular, sighing respiration was noted, however. Three of 9 volunteers given 30 mg./70 kg. propiomazine became quite hypotensive when suddenly tilted head-up 60 degrees. Approximately one half the subjects became restless after injection of propriomazine. It was concluded that the optimal use of the drug is in conjunction with small doses of narcotics. Propiomazine is pharmacologically very similar to its related compound promethazine in its lack of respiratory depression but positive circulatory depressing action.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty-five normal adult males were studied before and during either cyclopropane or halothane anesthesia in an effort to learn whether these agents cause a critical reduction in the availability of oxygen to the splanchnic viscera. Although hepatic blood flow was markedly reduced during the inhalation of either agent, splanchnic oxygen utilization was not consistently affected, and restoration of blood flow to the initial level gave no clear evidence that an oxygen debt has been incurred during the period of reduced flow. Clearance of indocyanine green dye was reduced in proportion to blood flow when either cyclopropane or halothane was inhaled, but restoration of flow rate to normal did not correct the deficiency in clearance. “Excess” lactate was produced by the splanchnic viscera during cyclopropane but not during halothane anesthesia. This effect could be abolished by a beta adrenergic blocking drug. Therefore, “excess” lactate apparently resulted not from splanehnic ischemia but from metabolic action associated with increased sympathetic nervous activity in these viscera.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The clinical picture and biochemical changes reported in human victims of near-drowning is considerably different from those reported in dogs subsequent to total immersion in fresh water. To gain further insight into this apparent discrepancy and to study the differences in the pathophysiological response of animals to drowning in chlorinated fresh water compared to unchlorinated fresh water and isotonic saline solution, a group of experiments was undertaken.The changes in cardiovascular dynamics, blood constituents and serum electrolytes observed in this study were transient, frequently limited to the arterial samples; these spontaneously reverted to normal in the thirteen animals who survived the experiment. Ten to sixty minutes post-immersion the three groups studied were indistinguishable. Conversely, acute asphyxia with arterial hypoxemia and metabolic acidosis which persisted throughout the experiment was seen in all animals. The presence of chlorine in distilled water did not significantly alter the response to aspiration.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The action of diethyl ether has been studied on frog sciatic nerve-sartorius muscle preparationsin vitrousing modern single fiber techniques. At a concentration of ether which blocks the indirect twitch, the muscle fibers can be stimulated directly. They have normal resting potentials and the action potentials elicited show only minor changes in form. The neuromuscular block produced by ether is not effectively antagonized by edrophonium or succinylcholine. Ether causes reduction in the amplitude, and prolongation of the time course, of both the end-plate potential, and the miniature end-plate potential. Ether diminishes the sensitivity of the muscle postjunctional membrane to quaternary ammonium compounds such as carbamylcholine. The mechanism of the neuromuscular blocking action of ether differs from that of d-tubocurarine. It is suggested that ether causes changes in the behavior of the permeability controlling mechanisms which are engaged subsequent to receptor site activation.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of ether inhalation on neuromuscular transmission and the abdominal electromyogram was studied in the cat and in man. In both species, at a time when the abdomen was well relaxed and the electromyographic activity markedly diminished or absent, there was little or no depression of neuromuscular transmission, indicating that the skeletal muscle relaxation seen with ether is attributable mainly to a depression of the central nervous system rather than to impaired neuromuscular transmission. Ether inhalation regularly increased the magnitude and duration of action of succinylcholine and d-tubocurarine in the cat and d-tubocurarine in man. The action of succinylcholine was increased in only 50 per cent of the patients studied. A profound neuromuscular blocking action of ether could only be produced by the close intra-arterial injection of 2-6 ml./kg. of 5 per cent ether in the cat. This block was characterized by poorly sustained tetanus and post-tetanic facilitation, but was poorly antagonized by edrophonium or neostigmine.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A nine compartment analog computer model was constructed to simulate and study the uptake and distribution of d-tubocurarine. By varying model parameters, six compartments were simulated using directly obtained experimental data. Drug distribution in the experimentally inaccessible compartments was obtained indirectly from the analog model. The model proved predictive and close agreement was observed with the experimentally observed data.

ISSN:0003-3022    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID