ISSN:0955-8829    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The nature and importance of the relationship between sex chromosome abnormalities (SCAs) and sexual maladaptive behaviour is uncertain. When considering the aetiology of sexual offending behaviour, the importance of sex chromosome disorder lies in its biopsychological manifestations and in its complex interactions with external influences. At the Adolescent Forensic Service, in keeping with previous research in institutional settings, we found a higher pick‐up rate of SCAs among sexual offenders (5/121) than would be expected in an unbiased community sample (1.2/1000 male livebirths;Jacobs et al. (1992). We present descriptive data on five patients with SCAs out of a total of 121 sexual offenders who presented to the Adolescent Forensic Service over a 6‐year period. We discuss the biopsychosocial features of these five patients and compare them with the remainder of the sexual offenders in the series. We discuss the advantages of early diagnosis and the need for professional vigilance by adolescent forensic psychiatrists, child and adolescent psychiatrists, paediatricians and clinical geneticists.

ISSN:0955-8829    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Among theories of biological underpinnings to personality traits, different mechanisms of the serotonergic system are perhaps the most common factors suggested to influence individual differences in personality traits. We have investigated two frequent variants in the serotonin 2A receptor gene (5‐HT2A) and personality traits. Healthy Swedish subjects (n = 304) were assessed with the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) inventory. After correction for multiple testing, no significant differences were found. We conclude that the investigated 5‐HT2Agene variants do not significantly influence personality as assessed by the KSP in the present population.

ISSN:0955-8829    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Human family and twin studies have established considerable heritable components influencing individual differences in personality traits as assessed by self‐report questionnaires. We have investigated a trinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene and personality traits. Healthy Swedish subjects (n = 335) were assessed with the Karolinska Scales of Personality inventory. There were tendencies (P ≥ 0.006) in some scales indicating possible relationships between the androgen receptor allele length and personality traits related to dominance and aggression. However, after correction for multiple testing, no significant differences were found. We conclude that no significant association could be found between the androgen receptor polymorphism investigated and any personality trait, although the tendencies found are worthwhile subjects for replication attempts.

ISSN:0955-8829    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Several previous studies found an association of clinically diagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with long alleles of a variation in the DRD4 dopamine receptor gene exon III coding sequence. We evaluated the DRD4 polymorphism in a non‐clinically selected sample of children for whom maternal reports of attention problems were available at 4 and 7 years of age. There was a significant elevation in attention problem scores in children carrying DRD4 long alleles that accounted for 3–4% of total variation at each age and for 5–7% of the temporally stable component of the phenotype. Our results show that the DRD4 gene influences normal as well as pathological attention processes, and the results highlight the utility of longitudinal measurements in psychiatric genetics.

ISSN:0955-8829    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) exon III polymorphism has generated interest because of its association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with an increased frequency of the seven‐repeat allele being reported in children with ADHD. Deficits in sustained attention and information processing characterize ADHD, and individual differences in these functions are apparent from infancy. We found that in a structured play situation and on an information‐processing task, 1‐year‐old infants with the 7‐DRD4 allele showed less sustained attention and novelty preference than do infants without the 7‐DRD4 allele. There was also a significant interaction between DRD4 and the serotonin transporter promoter (5‐HTTLPR) gene on a measure of sustained attention. Our results provide evidence for a possible developmental link between DRD4 and ADHD via early sustained attention and information processing. It also points to the importance of considering the influence of more than one gene in studies of behavior.

ISSN:0955-8829    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable, common psychiatric disorder that presents in childhood and that probably involves several genes. There are several lines of evidence suggesting that the nicotinic system may be functionally significant in ADHD: (a) nicotine promotes the release of dopamine and has been shown to improve attention in adults with ADHD, smokers and non‐smokers; (b) ADHD is a significant risk factor for early initiation of cigarette smoking in children; (c) maternal cigarette smoking appears to be a risk factor for ADHD; (d) animal studies in rats and monkeys also suggest that nicotine may be involved in attentional systems and locomotor activity; and (e) a central nicotinic agonist, ABT‐418, improves attention in both monkeys and ADHD adults.The current study examined the α4 receptor, one of the sites of action of ABT‐418. A known Cfo1 polymorphism within the nicotinic acetylcholine α4 receptor gene, CHRNA4, was studied in 70 ADHD parent–proband trios from an ongoing sample collection of children aged 6–12 with ADHD, according to DSM‐IV criteria. Children with known major medical or psychiatric conditions or mental retardation (IQ < 70) were excluded from the study. The Transmission Disequilibrium Test demonstrated no evidence that variation at the nicotinic acetylcholine α4 receptor Cfo1 polymorphism influences susceptibility to ADHD (P > 0.35). The continuing sample collection will enable further study of other potential nicotinic system polymorphisms in ADHD in more powerful samples.

ISSN:0955-8829    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Twin, family and adoption studies have indicated that genetic susceptibility plays an important role in the etiology of bipolar disorder.Turecki et al. (1998)recently published preliminary evidence suggesting that bipolar patients with an excellent response to lithium treatment have a higher frequency of a specific dinucleotide repeat allele in the phospholipase C γ‐1 (PLCG1) genomic region. The present work was undertaken to re‐examine the finding by Tureckiet al. in a sample of Norwegian lithium‐treated bipolar patients sub‐classified as lithium responders, non‐responders, or partial responders/unclassified. The overall distribution of the PLCG1 dinucleotide repeat alleles was not significantly different between different categories of subjects. When analyzed according to presence or absence of different dinucleotide alleles, a PLCG1‐8 repeat was more frequent among lithium responders vs controls. In line with Turecki et al. we also noticed a moderately over‐representation of the PLCG1‐5 repeat among the bipolar patients as compared to the controls.

ISSN:0955-8829    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The glycine receptor, which is a member of the ligand‐gated ion channel superfamily, mediates synaptic inhibition in the spinal cord and other brain regions. This superfamily has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and other psychiatric diseases. The complete coding sequence and splice junctions of the GLRA2 gene were scanned by DOVAM‐S, a form of SSCP analysis with sufficient redundancy to detect virtually all mutations. Those analyses were performed in 113 patients with schizophrenia, and in pilot studies of patients with bipolar illness, alcoholism, puerperal psychosis, autism, and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (533 kb total scanned sequences). We detected three sequence changes in the coding region, all resulting in silent mutations: C894T in exon 5, C1134T in exon 7, and C1476T in exon 9. These do not alter the structure or the expression of the protein. It is unlikely that mutations in the coding region and splice junction of GLRA2 gene are associated with schizophrenia and other psychiatric diseases.

ISSN:0955-8829    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Abnormalities in dopamine neurotransmission at the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) have been implicated in both migraine and Parkinson's disease. Positive associations have also been found between polymorphisms within the DRD2 gene and both of these conditions. The –141C Ins/Del polymorphism in the DRD2 receptor gene is a putative functional polymorphism. The purpose of this study was to determine whether it and any genes in linkage disequilibrium with this marker are involved in either of these conditions. We have compared the genotype and allele frequencies of the –141C Ins/Del polymorphism in 200 migraineurs and 260 Parkinson's disease cases with 464 controls. We have found no association between the receptor gene and either condition (P = 0.89 andP = 0.56 respectively). Our findings do not support the hypothesis that this polymorphism is involved in the aetiology of migraine or Parkinson's disease.

ISSN:0955-8829    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID