摘要:

Abstract1In a mixed small mammal communityL.testaceuswas found to infestA.sylvaticusmore frequently than eitherC.glareolusorM.agrestis.2Male and female rodents carried similar numbers of the beetle.3Peak infestation onA.sylvaticusoccurred during spring and summer suggesting a single major emergence period.4There was good correlation between the beetle index and the numbers of individuals ofA.sylvaticusinfested; this relationship resembled that found within certain host/ectoparasite relationships.

ISSN:0307-6946    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1976.tb01199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract1Analysis of insect ‘death assemblages’ from ancient natural and anthropogenic deposits can provide valuable information about conditions in the past but the theoretical basis of such investigations is weak, especially with respect to the quantification of habitats on archaeological sites.2Evidence is presented for the existence of a transported component, termed ‘background fauna’, in death assemblages, as well as the remains of insects derived from the immediate surroundings.3The background component is derived principally from airborne insects and from bird droppings and may seriously detract from the accuracy of reconstructions of past ecological conditions. Factors affecting its relative importance are discussed.4As well as including species from distant habitats, the background fauna may be biased in favour of species from temporary habitats.5Some solutions to the problems presented by the background fauna are discussed. A high proportion of a species or ecological group will usually be evidence that its habitat existed near to the deposit enclosing the fauna, although there may be exceptions.6The structure of the background rain of insects has probably altered with changes in town and countryside brought about by man. Attempts to recognize background fauna in ancient assemblages must take account of this.7Many ancient assemblages, especially if small, will give no useful ecological info

ISSN:0307-6946    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1976.tb01200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract1Brood burrow construction and brood care were studied by excavating burrows of different ages and by re‐excavating certain burrows after a defined interval.2Brood burrows consisted of tunnels running via an upper chamber to a lower chamber 0.55–1.3 m below ground.3The female excavated the upper chamber, filled it with dung, then excavated the lower chamber and packed it with dung from the upper chamber.4Soil was removed from around the dung to give adungmasslying free in the lower chamber. The male was present during and just before this stage, and may cooperate in pushing soil out through the tunnel. Later the tunnel was filled with soil, excluding the male from the lower chamber.5The female formed the dung mass into balls each of which contained an egg. Development of the larvae led to an expansion at the upper pole, producing a pear shape. Third instar larvae were found in pears with a soil covering.6In the case ofH.japetusthe pears later became soil‐covered balls containing the new adults, and the female remained in the chamber and died after the young had emerged.7The push‐ups ofH.japetusand ofH.hamadryaswere distinguishable, reflecting slight differences in the technique of burrow construction.H.hamadryasburrows were deeper and contained smaller broo

ISSN:0307-6946    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1976.tb01201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract1Populations ofMicrolophium carnosumon patches of perennial stinging nettle,Urtica dioicaincreased rapidly during April and May to reach their peaks in June. The decline in numbers was equally rapid and very small populations persisted into autumn; parthenogenetic over‐wintering was recorded.2Suboptimal ambient temperature and mortality due to natural enemies contributed mainly to the post‐peak development of aphid populations.3The combined effects of intraspecific competition and a deterioration in the food quality of the host plant appeared to be the major factors determining the temporal pattern of aphid abundance.4Variation in the size of populations between the three sampled sites was correlated with differences in the food quality of nettles as indicated by aphid mean relative growth rate.5Each nettle patch has a particular ‘carrying capacity’ for aphids, within which a biennial fluctuation between relatively large and small aphid populations appeared to be emerging at most of the sites investigated. A natural or aphid‐induced cycle in host plant quality, or alternatively, the persistent effects of intraspecific competition over several generations, may explain this fl

ISSN:0307-6946    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1976.tb01202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract1The host relationships and distribution of the 146 ‘native’ species of British thrips are reviewed.2The spermatophyte hosts, the species of thrips breeding on each plant taxon, and the mycophagous and ‘predatory’ species are

ISSN:0307-6946    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1976.tb01203.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract1Two study‐sites near Kampala were mapped and all of the termite mounds within them were measured. Changes were recorded in the three succeeding years. A method was developed for estimating mound volumes from height and diameter.2Macrotermes bellicosusmounds reached a volume of about 2.4 m3in 3 years after which they grew more slowly to a maximum from 4 to 6 m3. Growth in volume during the first 3 years was approximately linear and its rate did not vary seasonally, probably because growth is related to temperature which was nearly constant throughout the year.3M.bellicosusmounds had an average length of life of about 10 years, although colonies survived on average only 4 years. The corresponding figures forPseudacanthotermesspp. were 5 and 2 1/2 years. Some mounds were recolonized after the death of the original colony.5Fresh earth was brought up at a minimum rate of about 10 m3ha‐1yr‐1but more was lost by erosion and destruction and the populations of mounds were decreasing.4The number of ventilation shafts inM.bellicosusmounds increased with the volume of the mound. Many mounds, both dead and alive, supported vegetation.6Local opinion is thatPseudacanthotermesare harmless butM.bellicosusis regarded as a pest and attempts are made to destroy its m

ISSN:0307-6946    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1976.tb01204.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract1Published records of the hosts ofN.canescenshave been collected and critically examined.2It is accepted thatcanescenshas developed on twenty‐three species; on one of them perhaps accidentally, on two with some doubt.3Twelve species were parasitized in nature; nine species in the laboratory. Two species served as hosts when artificially infected.4The natural hosts belong in the Pyralidae, Tinaeidae and Yponomeutidae; the laboratory hosts in the Pyralidae, Oecophoridae and Gelechiidae. One individual was reared from a Tortricid, perhaps accidentally.5The host specificity ofN.canescensis not easily explained on either a systematic or an ecological basis. It offers interesting problems for researc

ISSN:0307-6946    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1976.tb01205.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Life of Beetles.By GlynEvansPopulation and Community Ecology: Principles and Methods.By E. C. PielouIntroduction to Insect Pest Management.Edited by RobertL. Metcalfand WilliamH. LuckmannHandbuch der Zoologie: eine Naturgeschichte der Stamme des Tierreiches.Gegründet von W. KükenthalZweite Auflage. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1974 Lieferung 22. Beier, Max: Blattariae (Schaben)The Insect Factor in Wood Decay: an account of wood‐boring insects with particular reference to timber indoors.By NormanE. Hickin. Third edition, edited and revised by RobinEdwardsAnnual Review of EntomologyVol. 20. Edited by RayF. Smith, ThomasE. Mittlerand CarrollN. S

ISSN:0307-6946    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1976.tb01206.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY