ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00262.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis article examines personality change in three types of narcissists (hypersensitive, willful, and autonomous), who were members of a longitudinal sample of women. Measures of narcissism were derived from the age‐43 California Q‐set ratings. Women who had high scores on hypersensitivity at age 43 were characterized by decline in personal resources, as assessed by the California Psychological Inventory (CPI), relative to their early 20s, and by lack of success either in career or as a homemaker. Women who were high scorers on willfulness at age 43 showed little change from college days, but there was evidence they had grown during their 20s. The autonomous women, following conflict in their 20s, experienced personality growth evident by their early 40s. Hypersensitivity and willfulness, but not autonomy, were associated with evidence of troubled childhood relations with parents, particularly the mother. Willfulness was associated with early identification with a willful father. These findings demonstrate the usefulness of the construct of narcissism for the study of adult development and document the close relation between personality and social roles in the life of an individual over t

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00263.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn three studies, we explored how individual differences in sociosexual orientation systematically relate to the types of attributes people prefer in romantic partners. In Investigation 1, individuals rated the importance of 15 partner attributes. Two factors emerged: personal/parenting qualities and attractiveness/social visibility. Individuals who possessed a restricted sociosexual orientation rated attributes that loaded highly on the former factor as being more important than those that loaded highly on the second one, whereas the reverse was true for unrestricted individuals. In Investigation 2, individuals evaluated two prospective romantic partners, one who was described as highly attractive and socially visible but less desirable in terms of personal/parenting qualities and one who had the opposite set of attributes. Unrestricted individuals tended to select the former partner, whereas restricted individuals chose the latter one. Investigation 3 examined the attributes actually possessed by their romantic partners. Unrestricted individuals were dating partners who were more socially visible and attractive, whereas restricted individuals were dating partners who were more responsible, faithful/loyal, and affectionate. Results are discussed in terms of an evolutionary model that links sociosexuality to mate selection.

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00264.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA new method of assessing the continuity of traits independent of their stability is proposed that is based on Brunswik's lens model of person perception. The method is applied to the continuity of shyness between preschool age and adulthood. A sample of 108 children (observed at age 4 and again at age 6) and a sample of 70 university students were videotaped in conversations with adult strangers. Detailed coding of 17 different behaviors revealed a highly similar rank order of their validity coefficients for parental reports of children's shyness, self‐reports of students' shyness, and observer judgments of both children's and students' shyness, even after controlling for differences in the behaviors' reliability. These findings suggest that the construct of shyness shows a strong continuity from preschool age through adulthood. The proposed methodology can also be applied to the continuity of emotional states or to the cross‐situational generality of traits and sta

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00265.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTRecent research has demonstrated a positive relationship between private self‐consciousness and the tendency to self‐disclose. These studies have relied exclusively upon self‐reports of disclosure. In the present study, Kenny's Social Relations Model (Kenny&La Voie, 1984) was employed to examine the relationship between a subject's self‐reports and others' reports of a subject's level of self‐disclosure and the relationship of these reports to private self‐consciousness, as well as the other traits measured by the self‐consciousness scale: public self‐consciousness and social anxiety. Unacquainted college women (N= 102) participated in one‐on‐one interactions in a round‐robin design. Subject's self‐reports of disclosure and their levels of private self‐consciousness correlated positively. The partners' reports of an individual's disclosure, however, were not related to the individual's level of private self‐consciousness. The discrepancy between these correlations emphasizes the necessity to ground research in personal relationships on interacting pairs and not only on the self‐reports of one member. Future research that would explore this difference is discussed. The examination of the self‐and partner reports and subjects' levels of public self‐consciousness and social anxiety demonstrated that these two traits significantly influence the acquaintance process. Public self‐consciousness related positively to subjects' beliefs that they had created consistent impressions upon their partners. Social anxiety correlated negatively with partners' reports of a subjec

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00266.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwo studies are reported which assess the proclivity of individuals to increase the integrative complexity of social, moral, or religious thinking when prompted to do so. We also examined the influence on complexity of topic area and respondents' religiosity. In both studies significant increases in complexity were obtained when participants were prompted to differentiate and integrate material, suggesting that an important distinction needs to be made between competence and performance with respect to complexity. However, there was some evidence that prompting complexity was more effective in eliciting differentiation than integration. Both studies indicated that overall, religious orientation was not a significant predictor of integrative complexity, nor did it interact with other factors (including religious vs. nonreligious content of stimulus materials). Finally, there was some evidence that complexity may vary across different content areas, and this variation may be differentially affected by prompting for complexity.

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00267.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00268.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA taxon is a nonarbitrary class whose existence is conjectured as an empirical question, not a mere semantic convenience. Numerous taxa are known to exist in nature and society (chemical elements, biological species, organic diseases, geological strata, kinds of stars, elementary particles, races, cultures, Mendelizing mental deficiencies, major psychoses, vocations, ideologies, religions). What personality types, if any, occur in the nonpathological population remains to be researched by sophisticated methods, and cannot be settled by fiat or “dimensional” preference. The intuitive concept of taxonicity is to be explicated by a combination of formal‐numerical and causal criteria. Taxometric methods should include consistency tests that provide Popperian risk of strong discorroboration. In social science, latent class methods are probably more useful than cluster algor

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00269.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY