摘要:

ABSTRACTBoth the California Psychological Inventory (CPI; Gough, 1987) and the five‐factor model of personality have roots in folk concepts of personality. The present article offers a conceptual analysis of CPI scales in terms of the five‐factor model. In the first study, judges rated the item content of CPI scales in terms of the five factors. In the second, CPI scales were correlated with the factors as measured by the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI; Costa&McCrae, 1985b) in a sample of 348 men and women ages 19 to 92. Both studies showed meaningful links between CPI scales and four of the factors; Agreeableness appeared to be underrepresented in CPI scales. The utility of systematic rational item analysis in terms of the five factors and the evolving relation of folk concepts to psychological constructs are disc

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb00276.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe present research examined the generalizability of the factor structure of the Personality Research Form (PRF) across various populations. A common methodology was used for factoring 18 data bases from largely differing samples (including data from one Asian and two European countries). In accordance with previous research results, five factors were rotated in every case and compared with two target factor solutions. A mean congruence coefficient of .93 as well as similar proportions of variance explained by the factors in the various populations indicated a large amount of generalizability for that structure. An alternative but similar structure, which had been interpreted in terms of the so‐called “Big Five” factors of personality, proved to be only slightly less generalizable. It was concluded that the fairly abstract constructs of both PRF factor structures are useful for describing personality in the cultures under study, leaving room for the possibility of more subtle or specific differences between the popula

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb00277.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDieting and nondieting subjects were given either failure or neutral performance feedback on a problem‐solving task. Failure subjects were then assigned to one of three self‐awareness conditions: One group was forced to watch a video clip of themselves failing on the problem‐solving task, one group was asked to watch a distracting video clip on bighorn sheep, and the final group was asked to sit quietly for 10 minutes. Subjects were then allowed to eat as much ice cream as they wanted. Only in those conditions which allowed—or promoted—low self‐awareness (the failure/distraction and simple failure condition) did dieters show disinhibited eating. In the failure/videotape condition, which enforced high levels of self‐awareness, eating in dieters remained inhibited. This supports the proposal that a reduction in self‐awareness is necessary for lifting of inhibitions. Eating in nondieters was reduced in the failure/videotape and simple failure conditions, possibly because of the autonomic correla

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb00278.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPrevious research has found that subjects rate words that are closely related to their current concerns as affectively more arousing than other words. This investigation inquires whether a similar relationship occurs when arousal is measured electrodermally, and whether nonspecific (spontaneous) electrodermal activity is associated with self‐generated thoughts about current concerns. In the first experiment, subjects listened to audiotaped sequences of three‐word clusters associated with previously measured own current concerns or with concerns of others. Mean skin conductance responses were significantly larger for clusters related to subjects' own concerns than for those related to others' concerns, although many subjects contributing to this effect showed some awareness of the hypothesis. In the second experiment, thoughts that accompanied nonspecific skin conductance responses received significantly higher self‐ratings for concern‐relatedness and arousal than thoughts that occurred during electrodermal inactivity. In Experiment 3, they were rated higher for current‐concern content and anxiety and lower for mental imagery and dormant‐concern content than thoughts during electrodermal

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb00279.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwo studies tested the hypothesis that people with culturally stigmatized and concealable conditions (e.g., gays, epileptics, juvenile delinquents, and incest victims) would be more likely to feel unique than people with culturally valued or conspicuous conditions (e.g., the physically attractive, the intellectually gifted, the obese, and the facially scarred). In Study 1, culturally stigmatized individuals with concealable conditions were least likely to perceive consensus between their personal preferences and those of others. In Study 2, they were most likely to describe themselves as unique and to make these self‐relevant decisions quickly. Marginality is a psychological reality, not just a statistical one, for those with stigmatized and concealable “master status” condi

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb00280.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe present study tests two hypotheses which are based on a motivational threat model of interpersonal evaluation: (a) Dominance‐ and dependency‐oriented perceivers evaluate motivationally similar others less favorably only when evaluation pertains to an ambiguous attribute and perceivers score high on self‐derogation; and (b) the relatively unfavorable evaluation of the similar target person is mediated by an arousal process. Males observed a working dyad in which one man was dominant and the other dependent, but both were ambiguous on sociability. Throughout the observation, subjects' emotion‐related skin conductance responses were monitored. Subjects then evaluated the target person they expected to meet and recalled information. Results supported the first hypothesis, but were only partially consistent with the second hypothesis. In addition, dominance‐oriented perceivers produced more assertiveness constructs than dependency‐oriented perceivers in free recall. The findings suggest that the threat model should be revised to include the moderating factors of attribute ambiguity and attitude toward the self, and perhaps also an additional mediating process: generalization of attitude toward the self to motivationally sim

ISSN:0022-3506    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb00281.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY