摘要:

Women's medical care, especially the care of birthing women, is increasingly based on technological innovations. While the use of electronic fetal monitoring, in vitro fertilization and cesarean section have benefited some women, the expanding use of medical technology distances women and their physicians. The problem is compounded because the application of medical technology is often clouded by a gender based ideology that defines women as mere reproductive beings. Forgotten is the recognition that the "facts" and interpretations generated by medical advance are subject to the same ideological bias as traditional beliefs and understandings about women. Forgotten is the woman, the person, in the body. By seeing, hearing, touching and talking with women, physicians, not technological feats, provide a foundation for women's health based on the mutual interaction, understanding and respect between women and their physicians.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v19n02_01

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

What is the association between subjective experiences in two roles, employee and mother, and women's psychological distress? Previous research indicated that employed mothers with troubled mother-child relationships reported high levels of psychological distress, unless they were in rewarding jobs. In this paper, using data from the same sample of 228 employed mothers, we explored further the above finding by addressing two related questions: (1) which job rewards mitigate the relationship between parent- role quality and psychological distress?; and (2) which parental concerns are buffered by these stress mitigators? The main finding was that having a rewarding job per se did not automatically serve as a parent-stress mitigator. Although several job-reward factors (e.g., Helping Others at Work, Challenge), were associated with reports of low distress, Challenge was the only job-reward factor that mitigated parental stress. Thus, the previously reported positive-spillover effect from work to home was attributable to the presence of rewards from challenging work. However, Challenge buffers only particular parent concerns. For employed mothers, a job high in rewards from Challenge mitigates the distress associated with Disaffection (not Burden or Safety) in their relationships with their children.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v19n02_02

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Gender differences in mental health have been the focus of much research and debate in several academic disciplines. This paper reviews the literature regarding the socio-cultural dimensions of women's mental health in the United States. Feminist scholarship on mental health has followed two lines of inquiry. The first, a social causation approach, examines the features of women's lives that enhance or undermine well-being. The social constructionist perspective involves critical analyses of methodology and conceptions of mental health and illness. This body of literature suggests that the findings of gender differences in mental health are artifactual and focuses on the sexism of psychiatry. Although these bodies of work have remained largely distinct and have been criticized as contradictory, both are important ingredients of a general feminist perspective on mental health. Feminist therapy is used as a model for a synthesis of approaches.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v19n02_03

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This research analyzes the influence of selected social psychological factors (health locus of control and health value), social support factors (influence of parents and peers, organizational involvement, and reliance on others during stressful times), and health-specific factors (recent health crisis and self-assessment of health status) on participation in health protective behaviors by males and females. While much research has focused on identifying determinative factors (often with inconsistent findings), little research has been directed to understanding if and how predictive factors vary by gender. Data for the research were obtained from personal interviews with 167 undergraduate college students collected during the fall semester of their freshman year and again during their sophomore year. Female students averaged statistically significant more health protective behaviors than did male students, and increased involvement in HPBs from their freshman to sophomore years (while male students' participation declined). Among the factors studied, peer practices (collected in time 2) is a statistically significant predictor for both males and females. Value placed on health predicts for females but not males, while grade point average predicts for males but not females. Overall, females and high GPA males are most likely to engage in HPBs.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v19n02_04

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this paper, the health needs and health care utilization patterns of home attendants and their families have been studied as an illustration of those likely to be found among working poor, immigrant women and their children. Despite tremendous growth in the number of immigrants, studies to date provide only limited information regarding the specific health needs and patterns of health care utilization among such women and their children. As part of a longitudinal study on the impact of insurance on health status and health care utilization, 387 female, immigrant home attendants were interviewed. Data were also gathered on 355 of their minor children. These women and children were found to be less likely than other Americans to make use of basic health services, despite the fact that they are more likely to indicate fair or poor health status. This is true even in comparison to poor or uninsured Americans. Immigrant attendants in fair or poor health report an average annual visit rate of 4.1 ambulatory care visits for themselves and 2.2 for their children, as compared to 8.4 for poor adults and 4.4 for poor children in national samples. These findings illustrate the likelihood that poor, immigrant women make limited use of American medical care, and face barriers to health care that appear even greater than those faced by the uninsured and the poor.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v19n02_05

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A previous study of the effect of a new examination gown on patients' experienced discomfort during pelvic examination demonstrated that the gown was effective. This study replicated the previous study with a younger group of subjects. It was hypothesized that the new gown would reduce reported distress. Subjects were 147 patients at a university student health center. Age ranged from 18 to 31. Informed consent was obtained and patients were randomly assigned to either the experimental gown or the standard drape condition. Following examination, subjects completed questionnaires assessing demographic characteristics, state and trait anxiety, desired changes in pelvic examination procedures, and reactions to the examination. The attending nurse recorded blood pressure. Results supported the hypotheses. Experimental subjects rated the gown as more comfortable than control subjects rated the drape. Results indicate that this simple stimulus control intervention reduces one source of distress associated with pelvic examinations.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v19n02_06

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In a placebo controlled, partially double-blinded, clinical trial, a combination of evening primrose oil and fish oil was compared to Magnesium Oxide, and to a Placebo in preventing Pre-Eclampsia of Pregnancy. All were given as nutritional supplements for six months to a group of primiparous and multiparous pregnant women. Some of these women had personal or family histories of hypertension (21%). Only those patients who received prenatal care at the Central Maternity Hospital for Luanda were included in the study. Compared to the Placebo group (29%), the group receiving the mixture of evening primrose oil and fish oil containing Gammalinolenic acid (GLA), Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) had a significantly lower incidence of edema (13%, p = 0.004). The group receiving Magnesium Oxide had statistically significant fewer subjects who developed hypertension of pregnancy. There were 3 cases of eclampsia, all in the Placebo group.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v19n02_07

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Whether or not a woman enrolls in prenatal care in a timely fashion is a major predictor of pregnancy outcome. In this review, we consider maternal demographic, situational and psychosocial factors which have been studied with relation to enrollment in prenatal care. Paying increased attention to some situational barriers such as problems with child care or transportation, and a number of psychosocial factors such as unplanned pregnancy and negative feelings about medical care, holds promise in achieving improved utilization of prenatal care.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v19n02_08

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v19n02_09

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v19n02_10

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor