摘要:

This study evaluated the psychological effects of aerobic conditioning in 40 moderately obese, sedentary women participating in a 12-week behavioral weight loss program. Participants were randomly assigned to a no-exercise or moderate walking condition. Emotional impact of the treatment was assessed in two ways: (1) Subjects reported subjective mood prior to each eating episode and (2) the SCL-90-R was administered before and after the program. Exercisers lost more weight and body fat than non-exercisers. Both groups of subjects showed numerous improvements in mood as a result of participating in the weight loss program. Exercise had no specific differential effect on emotions as measured by daily mood ratings or the SCL-90-R. Exercise did not appear to add appreciably to the psychological benefits of losing weight in this sedentary obese population. Future studies utilizing longer periods of aerobic exercise training, larger sample size, and exercise specific measures are recommended.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v19n04_01

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

How women's social roles such as parenthood, marital status and employment status affect their exercise participation, is important for the rational planning of suitable and effective exercise programs for women in different social contexts. A secondary analysis of a large data-base of urban women aged 20-49 (n = 5939) was carried out to determine if social roles, their characteristics and their combiiations were related to women's exercise participation. Parenthood and marital status were significantly related to whether women exercise, and among those exercising, all three roles were significantly related to the amount of exercise. Statistical modelling, including all three roles and their interactions, controlling for age and education, showed that with respect to whether women exercise, parenthood affected exercise participation most and that its effect was dependent on age. Of the role characteristics only the number of children and overall satisfaction with daily activities improved the prediction of exercising. With respect to how much women exercise, the effect of parenthood interacted with marital status. Martied parents were least likely to exercise very much. Of the role characteristics only overall satisfaction with daily activities improved the prediction of the amount of exercise.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v19n04_02

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Worksite health promotion programs address the health education needs of the average employe. Anthropometric measurements and 24h diet and activity diaries collected from coworkers reveal that lifestyle and subsequently, health education needs of men and women working for the same employer, in the same environment and performing similar tasks, may be different. In this study, males were marginally overweight and obese; females were within recommended limits. Although job related workloads were comparable, females were more active (24hEE/FFM) outside the work place. Females spent more time engaged in moderate weight-bearing domestic activities than did males. These results question the effectiveness of worksite health promotion program which ignore the different health education needs of male and female employees.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v19n04_03

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Questions about alcohol consumption, social and work contexts, and negative consequences related to alcohol use were asked of forty-nine academics, 27 physicians, 15 attorneys, and 169 business women. The majority of the women were light drinkers and their drinking does not appear to be accompanied by negative consequences. The exception to this is driving while intoxicated or riding with an intoxicated driver, behaviors which may be increasing as a result of business-related or after work drinking. The women reported being in drinking settings relatively often. Frequency in drinking settings was correlated with both level of alcohol consumption and number of negative consequences of alcohol use. Presence in such settings may be related to women's employment status, and thus could be considered both a work-related risk factor and a location for abuse prevention activities.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v19n04_04

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Life Satisfaction Index (LSI) continues to be one of the most frequently used measures of well-being in social gerontology. Discrepancies in the operational use of the LSI, however, have made comparisons across studies difficult. Few studies have incorporated examination of the effect of gendertrace interactions on the performance of the LSI. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in the hierarchical factor structure of life satisfaction among four genderlrace groups using previously reported item pools and coding schemes. Three second-order, three-factor life satisfaction models were examined using confirmatory factor analysis techniques with four groups of older adults: White men (n = 846), White women (n = 1341), Black men (n = 177), and Black women (n = 287). In general, results showed differences in LSI factor structure across gendertrace groups. With regard to coding scheme, models using Neugarten et al.'s original coding scheme (1961) and those using Wood et al.'s alternative scoring (1969) were similar. Examination of models using different LSI item pools showed that the factor structure of life satisfaction was affected by the genderlrace interaction, underscoring the problem of misspecification resulting from the sum of LSI items and use of the summated score as a unidimensional measure of well-being. Implications for future research are discussed.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v19n04_05

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v19n04_06

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor