摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v12n03_01

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In the current debate about causes and cures for poverty, much attention is given to women. Women are more likely than men to be poor, and once impoverished, to remain poor for longer periods of time than do man. In addition, a much greater responsibility for raising the next generation of adults belongs to poor women than to poor men. No individual policy response will alleviate poverty among women. Rather, a multifaceted policy response that recognizes the wide diversity of their situation is necessary. This paper describes the diversity among poor women and suggests a series of appropriate policies.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v12n03_02

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

All poor women have difficulty obtaining needed health services due to their poorer health status and lesser ability to pay for services. Rural poor women have additional conditions imposed on them by the isolation of the rural environment form resources commonly available in urban areas, such as public transportation to services and the availability of a wide range of health resources.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v12n03_03

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

National surveys, over the years, have provided evidence of relationship between poverty and health. In the United State, access to health care is generally dependent on the ability to pay for it. As a consequence, poor women are dependant upon government-funded social-welfare programs to attain access to health care. This paper examines the relationship between poverty and several indicator of reproductive status, and concludes that there is a relationship between poverty and poor reproductive status. The health gap between poor and nonpoor women is related to the absence of financial and other resources that dictate lifestyle.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v12n03_04

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Analysis of 1980 U.S. Census date reveals that a sizeable percentage of adult females employed full-time (working more than 2080 hours in 1979) worked in female-dominated service, sales and factory occupation and had family incomes which places them in poverty or impoverishment status. Workers compensation data on women in these occupations, drawn from the 27-state Supplemental Data System, show that they filed approximately 250,000 claims for compensation in 1980. Analysis of the claims by nature of injury and body part affected is consistent with the published medical literature. Injury to the back is the leading complaints files and large numbers of hand and wrist injuries are also reported. Compensation data, however, are usually reflective of acute conditions, especially traumatic injury, not of chronic illnesses and injuries. Additional data are therefore drawn from the medical and scientific literature. This review shows the presence of cancer-causing agents, infectious agents, reproductive toxins, safety hazards and social stressors in these occupations. Recommendations for future programs and needs are presented.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v12n03_05

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper presents an overview of the economic situation of elderly women in the United States. Its focus is on“illness-engendered poverty,”a type of poverty that results form the inadequacies of Medicare coverage of long-term care ad the subsequent need of many elderly to“spend down”into poverty in order to qualify for means-tested, publicly financed health and social programs, The consequences of Medicaid eligibility requirements and system incentives on the economic and social well-being of older women and their families are discussed.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v12n03_06

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Health care expenditures and utilization have increased dramatically in recent years, but gaps in health insurance coverage restrict access to care for a growing portion of the population. Women are especially vulnerable given the structure of insurance coverage and demographic factors. The erosion of insurance coverage can be attributed to several trends, particularly employer cost containment strategies, restricted public program eligibility and changes in the characteristics of the work force. Numerous measures have been adopted at the federal and state levels to maintain or expand coverage on an incremental basis. As broader segments of the population suffer reduction or loss of coverage, a comprehensive approach will be necessary to ensure universal access to health care.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v12n03_07

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Acquiring data on quality of life indicator such as health, mental health and family roles of poor and minority women remains a low research priority. This paper provides an assessment of current knowledge in this area and an overview of the context in which poor and racial/ethnic women utilize health care services. A model that encompasses the interactive effects of race, gender and class variables is proposed. Such a model is a necessity for understanding the health needs of poor and racial/ethnic women. Suggestions for future research and policy formulation are given.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v12n03_08

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This exploratory study examines the relationship between state-level public policy and individual and family well-being and factors that affect it. The inquiry, based on exchange and choice theories, assumes that state-level public policy reflects stats' awareness of the needs of individuals and families, their ability to predict the future in failing to meet them, and the extent to which the norm of reciprocity prevails in the 50 states. Measures of stats' collective choices were states' per capita expenditures for public welfare, education, and health, and per capital taxes in 1980; measures of states' individual and well-or ill-being, or social malaise, were states' teenage birthrates, infant death rates, and suicide rates. Taken into account as antecedent and intervening variables were age, gender, and racial composition, income distribution, marital, socioeconomic, and employment status of states' populations, and attitudes toward public spending. The findings how the higher stat expenditures for public welfare and for education indeed contribute to individual and family well-being as measured by lower state rates of suicide and teenage births. States per captia spending for education, which together will state per captia spending for public welfare was a positive predictor of school completion rates and positively associated with state's income level, accounted for almost all of the variance in states' per capita taxes. State spending for public welfare was not a predictor of state per capita taxes. The findings are cause for considerable concern given the reduced role of the federal government in human affairs, particularly in states whose choices violate the assumptions underlying exchange and choice theories and the norm of reciprocity which says that people should help, not hurt, others.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v12n03_09

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

From a perspective of needs, risks and tasks of women throughout the life and family cycle the paper examines relationships between mental health and poverty by reviewing observed determinants and concomitants of poverty as well as stressors and risks associate with women's socioeconomic position, environmental conditions, and social roles. As a tool for policy development, a three-anchor needs proposition and a coping schema and formula were proposed as a few conceptual framework for apprising women's hazards and strengths. The poverty status of women in Canada is also reviewed.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v12n03_10

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor