摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v04n01_01

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper is a review of the medical risks of late childbearing based on national health statistics and the medical literature. The two main topics covered are maternal risks, such as maternal mortality, obstetrical complications, miscarriage, and infertility, and risks to the infant, such as infant mortality, prematurity, and chromosomal abnormalities. The implications of advanced paternal age are discussed. The review concludes that there is no single age at which the risks of pregnancy and childbirth suddenly escalate. Rather, the increments in risk are gradual. For women who are in good health and have access to prenatal and postpartum care, what risks there are can be substantially mitigated through close medical monitoring.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v04n01_02

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Improved data on women's health should be based on a definition of health capital for women that takes into account reproductive efficiency and the life experience of women in relation to fertility, general health, employment, and household responsibilities. More information is needed about the conduct of household roles related to investment in health capital for family members. Definitions of health are pragmatic and are related to social systems, including health care providers, for which the definitions serve as signals for certain actions. Women can seek to modify these definitions, which have expressed historical biases about women. Data collection should include information about the extent to which privacy as a dimension of access to health care is achieved. Longitudinal and other approaches to health history data should be explored. Fertility and general health data statistics in federal data systems need to be integrated. Insurance adequacy must be determined in relation to benefit scope, relation to prices, employment requirements, and family contracts. Data that will be helpful in adapting industrial environment to health goals are needed. Provider characteristics relevant to women as patients and workers, and qualities of residential environments pertaining to health, need to be studied. Future research should include evaluation of women's health capital and opportunities for programmatic investment to improve household efficiency in conduct of health-related affairs.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v04n01_03

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Health surveys repeatedly show that females have higher rates of illness, disability days, and health services utilization than do males, Numerous reasons for these sex differences have been hypothesized, based on four general factors thought to differ by sex and to influence self-reported health: genetic characteristics, physicalrisks, illness behavior,andreporting behavior. This paper briefly reviews these hypotheses, then discusses research strategies to test them. The strategies vary in the type of dependent variables used (medical vs. sociomedical health indicators) and the main method of controlling predictor factors (elimination vs. statistical control). A study was completed in 1978 in the Detroit metropolitan area to (a) explore reasons for sex differences in health and (b) reveal how strongly illness behavior (perception and evaluation of symptoms, propensities to take curative actions or disability days) affects common health indicators, particularly those for the national Health Interview Survey. The study's research design (use of a health diary, and focus on hypotheses about illness behavior) is described.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v04n01_04

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The medical literature from 1890 to 1935 that examines the "midwife problem" in the United States is reviwed to evaluate the arguments of that period urging elimination of midwifery in the United States. Although many midwives at first delivered poor care, this was the result of efforts to deny them education and .supenision. Due to physicians' poor training and philosophy of interference in birth, lay midwives delivered care as safe or safer than the average physician. Trained midwives delivered superb medical care and gave birthing women personal attention that physicians were too mshed to provide. It is suggested that the elimination of midwifery in the United States slowed the decline in infant and maternal mortality.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v04n01_05

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v04n01_06

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v04n01_09

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v04n01_07

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

No abstract available for this article.

ISSN:0363-0242    

DOI:10.1300/J013v04n01_08

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1979

数据来源: Taylor