ISSN:0028-1522    

DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1995.tb02326.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0028-1522    

DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1995.tb02327.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0028-1522    

DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1995.tb02328.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0028-1522    

DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1995.tb02329.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a history of The Institute of Navigation from the beginning of 1970 through early 1995. It focuses on the dramatic technological advances that were being embraced by the navigation community at the start of this period, their influences upon the Institute, and the changes adopted by the Institute to accommodate them. Some comments and concerns about the future are also presented.

ISSN:0028-1522    

DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1995.tb02330.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0028-1522    

DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1995.tb02331.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTerrestrial radionavigation has enjoyed tremendous growth in performance and responsibility over the last 25 years. This paper summarizes this growth for Omega, Loran‐C, VOR, DME, ILS, and ML

ISSN:0028-1522    

DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1995.tb02332.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTNavigation by use of earth satellites is expanding explosively. Current estimates are that 60,000 civil sets are being produced each month. With increased use in automobiles, ships, and airplanes, this application of satellites is expected soon to rival the communications applications. This paper traces the evolution of satellite navigation from the early stages of the Navy's Transit system through the developmental Navy and Air Force programs known as Timation and 621B. These early efforts contributed strongly to the synthesis of the current satellite navigation system called GPS. GPS has demonstrated a wide range of applications, from precise survey (at the millimeter level) to the landing of airplanes with positioning uncertainties of a few centimeters. The paper describes the operation of all of these systems, as well as the two Russian systems, Cicada and GLONASS. As the applications expand, GPS will touch every citizen of the world in ways that even today are not fully appreciated.

ISSN:0028-1522    

DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1995.tb02333.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe period since 1970 has been characterized by an intense push to develop new inertial navigation technology. Inasmuch as theperformancerequirements for nearly all of today's missions can be satisfied by instruments that were available 25 years ago, it is reasonable to ask what has driven this creative intensity. The answer to this question also points the way to the probable path of technology development in the next 25 years. The introduction and refinement of dry‐tuned two‐degree‐of‐freedom gyroscopes and the emergence of optical gyroscopes, resonator gyros, quartz resonant accelerometers, and micromachined silicon instruments have been driven by the goal of reducing the life‐cycle cost of ownership of inertial systems, and by the need for rapid convergence of the navigation system to stable operation after turn‐on. Combine these advances with the annual increases in computational power available per unit volume (which supports the compensation of calibratable sensor errors and integration with external sensors, such as GPS), and the trend to smaller, lighter, less‐expensive systems is certain to continue well into the

ISSN:0028-1522    

DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1995.tb02334.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTOver the past 25 years, we have witnessed the extraordinary achievements of both robotic and manned space missions. A key element in the success of these missions has been the development of the navigation systems that have enabled the determination of current and predicted spacecraft position and velocity to the accuracies required to meet mission objectives. This paper presents an overview of space navigation systems, navigation techniques, and capabilities for robotic and manned mission applications for the past 25 years. Robotic navigation system data types, information content, and navigation data processing techniques are reviewed. Application of these systems to planetary missions is discussed, with emphasis placed on the Voyager mission. For manned space navigation systems, the role of on‐board and ground navigation capabilities is presented. Key technology developments that enabled the development of on‐board systems are discussed. Ground and on‐board navigation data types and their information content, data processing techniques, and system operations are reviewed. Application of these ground and on‐board systems to Apollo, Skylab, Apollo/Soyuz, the Space Shuttle, and the Space Station is described. Finally, a look at the future of space navigation is presented. The application and extension of current navigation concepts and of new navigation‐enhancing technologies to the future requirements of robotic and manned space navigation systems are

ISSN:0028-1522    

DOI:10.1002/j.2161-4296.1995.tb02335.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY