摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ageing on the activity of both the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the sympathetic system in response to physical and metabolic stimuli. Eight young and eight elderly healthy subjects were studied. Three different tests were performed: handgrip, cold pressor and insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia. Plasma beta‐endorphin (β‐END), cortisol and norepinephrine (NEpi) levels were measured before and during the tests. While the two physical tests, handgrip and cold pressor, did not induce significant changes in plasma β‐END and cortisol levels, plasma NEpi levels rose in both young and aged subjects. The response of plasma NEpi was significantly higher in elderly than in young men. During the insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia, plasma β‐END, cortisol and NEpi values significantly increased in both young and elderly men, the group of elderly subjects showing an enhanced responsiveness of plasma NEpi levels.These data suggest that ageing is associated with an increased activity of the sympathetic system and a normal responsiveness of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis to th

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460080102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo explore work stress–strain relations and the effect of Type A/B personality among Japanese adult employees, a questionnaire survey was conducted in two branches of a large bank in Hokkaido, Japan. Data were obtained from 256 adult employees (158 males and 98 females). The questionnaire consisted of several scales concerning role stress, the 28‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐28), job dissatisfaction, the Jenkins Activity Survey, and others. While most of the variables differed across three subsamples (male clerks, males of chief clerk status or higher, and female clerks), both role overload and conflict were comparable. Role overload and conflict were highly associated with psychological distress, but role ambiguity showed a few significant correlations. Also, fewer significant correlations were found for Type A/B subscales. A moderated multiple regression analysis was carried out by subsample for each pair of role stress and Type A/B subscale for each psychological distress. A buffering effect of Type A/B was tested by considering the significance of its interaction term with role stress. As a whole global A tendency ie, high scores on the JAS‐A/B subscale would play a role as ‘buffer’, but high hard‐driving and competitive tendencies would play roles as both ‘buffer’ and ‘exaggerator’ according to the type of stress. Most of these results, however, were detected in the analyses of male clerks. Therefore, either buffering or exacerbating effects of Type A/B personality on stress–strain relations were recognized to vary between genders, across job positions, and/or across the types of stre

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460080103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractYounger and older subjects selected from non‐psychiatric populations were administered two scales to determine frequency of dissociation. Younger subjects were found to dissociate more frequently than older subjects, suggesting that dissociative experiences become less common with increasing ag

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460080104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPatients suffering from the interval form of carbon monoxide poisoning, believed to recover only with difficulty, were successfully treated by application of oxygen at high pressure (OHP) treatment. Nine out of 10 patients responded well to the treatment and recovered to the level of normal daily life. The occurrence of this interval sequela of carbon monoxide poisoning is difficult to predict during the lucid interval. In two of our cases the findings of serial EEG examinations became worse during the lucid interval followed by the occurrence of clinical symptoms. In this article, first we show the results of the clinical course of 10 patients with OHP treatment, then report the method of prediction of the interval from by serial EEG examinations.

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460080105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPreviously, psychosomatically induced death relative to stress, hypnosis, mind control, and voodoo was discussed. In this article, emphasis is on one aspect of that — stress induced sudden cardiac death (SCD). A brief review is presented of the sympathetic aspects of the acute stress response and stress induced SCD. Findings from previous studies are presented to highlight sympathetic aspects of the acute stress response. This is followed by a presentation of various strategies to prevent or decrease the possibilities for stress induced SCD. These include long‐term measures (eg diet control, smoking control, hypertension control, stress management strategies) and immediate measures (eg calm, controlled approach, elicitation of the relaxation response, selected use of drugs, and heart rate variability monitoring). Relative to prevention strategies, findings are presented both from previous studies and new investigati

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460080106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere has been considerable controversy about methods for assessing life stress. However, self‐report checklists and interview‐based measures (the predominant approaches used in current research) differ in several respects, ranging from basic definitions through theoretical assumptions. Most research comparing these two approaches has focused on global comparisons in predicting disorder, which fail to take into account more specific information on how the methods vary. The present article outlines three stages of assessment for life stress: definition, operationalization, and quantification. Detailed examination of these stages with a sample of depressed patients helps to demonstrate in an explicit manner how self‐report checklists and interview‐based methods differ at successive stages of the measurement process. Data are presented that indicate large endpoint discrepancies attributable to specific differences in the definitional and operational procedures used in the two assessment approaches. The nature of the discrepancies found is discussed, along with the implications for assessing life stress and testing its implications for health and wel

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460080107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study analysed the intercorrelations between questionnaire data on job satisfaction, mental and physical health and objective data on incidence of, and days lost due to, sickness absence for 236 managers and 377 shopfloor workers. Analysis of all respondents showed significant correlations between the strain scales and sickness absence data, confirming the predictive validity of the scales. For managers, the strain scales correlated well with incidence of sickness absence, but not with days lost. For shopfloor workers, the strain scales correlated well, but the relationship with sickness absence data was more complex. The results suggested important differences between managers and shopfloor workers in their experiences of stress.

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460080108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFollowing a large meal there is a transient and large increase in the metabolic clearance rate of progesterone.1Progesterone receptors do not bind to molecules of progesterone in the presence of adrenalin,2which is released when the blood glucose level is low. While awaiting their first appointment, 84 women with severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS) completed a questionnaire detailing all food and drink consumed on seven consecutive days. The average daytime interval between starch‐containing foods was 7 hours, with an overnight interval averaging 13 ½ hours. This suggested that women with PMS might benefit from shorter food intervals between starch‐containing foods and avoidance of large meals. On receipt of their questionnaires women were advised to follow a three‐hourly starch diet, which was beneficial in 54 per cent with improvement in a further 20 per cent. The diet alone proved effective in 19 per cent, who needed no additional medication for full relief of premenstrual sy

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460080109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460080111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460080113

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY