ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo find out whether or not modification of the dopaminergic tone affects the stress response of the septo‐hippocampal cholinergic system, rats were treated with DA‐2 receptor agonist or antagonist. The findings indicate that after treatment with the DA antagonist sulpiride, when the septo‐hippocampal cholinergic system is released from tonic dopaminergic inhibition, it becomes activated to a certain level and cannot be further activated in response to acute stress. Enhancement of the dopaminergic tone, by treatment with the DA agonist apomorphine, may suppress the activation of the cholinergic system in response to acute stress. Thus, when stressful conditions are encountered, the initial transient activation of the septo‐hippocampal cholinergic system, which subsides within minutes, may be temporally related to a slower stress‐induced activation of the mesoseptal dopaminergic system. These results imply that septo‐hippocampal cholinergic activity represents an active pathway for major dopaminergic neuronal signal

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGiven that nursing is a potentially high‐stress occupation, the present study examines the effect of specific occupational stressors, coping strategies and type A behaviour on job satisfaction and mental well‐being of 475 UK senior nurses. Several stressors were identified which had a negative impact on job satisfaction. However, only stress associated with the nurse manager's workload was consistently found to be a predictor of mental health outcome measures. In addition, cognitive and behavioural coping techniques were no

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Nurse Stress Index (NSI) and other measures were instrumented with 117 nurses in seven hospitals and four hospices who were dealing with high‐risk aspects of the profession. The NSI would seem to be a reliable and reasonably construct‐valid measure for this purpose, but the findings of factor analysis suggested that for different groups of nurses, slightly different factor structures or subscales would be more appropri

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe general importance of stress reduction techniques in sexual and marital therapy is examined in the light of findings that sexual dysfunction is an important factor in marital discord for men, but not for women. The implications of this finding for treatment are examined, and it is concluded that, while stress reduction may have a role to play in the treatment of specific sexual dysfunctions in men, a more global approach to change is needed for sex therapy in women.

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of disaster work on helpers, both of the emergency services type (rescue, recovery, and identification personnel) and those who offer psychological support, are reviewed. In terms of emotional, cognitive and behavioural effects, a significant number experience short‐term stress and a small percentage experience long‐term effects, which may be of the fluctuating nature. The extent and nature of the encounter with death, and organizational factors appear as particular stressors. Coping styles (eg hardiness), age, experience and social support have been identified as moderating factors. Positive, as well as negative effects are obser

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA prospective study has been made in 104 consecutive cases with dementia admitted to the McClellan Memorial Veterans Hospital in Little Rock and Parkland Medical Center in Dallas. Utilizing a standard dementia battery, we identified a specific cause for dementia, other than Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease, in 25 per cent of the cases. Alzheimer's disease was diagnosed in approximately 28 per cent of the cases. Senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type and vascular dementias were the most common etiologies encountered. A potentially treatable cause of dementia was found in 21 per cent of the patients. The importance of early detection of dementia, the diagnostic value of various ancillary procedures, and the value of a diligent search for treatable causes of dementia were emphasized by our data.

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFive patients who had a presentiment that their unborn child would die are described and their treatment and foetal outcome are discussed.

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo theories on the cause of insomnia have emerged, the somatic and the cognitive. To test the cognitive theory, 15 insomniac and 15 normal sleepers were invited into the sleep laboratory. In the last of three sessions ostensibly designed to measure normal presleep physiological processes, a polygraph malfunction was staged raising the possibility of accidental shock. The major outcome was that insomniacs showed a significant increase of skin conductance level during this session while normals relaxed even further. This probably reflected the presence of anxious ruminations for insomniacs and the absence of such for normals in response to the third night threat. Insomniacs' tonic level of frontalis muscle tension surpassed normals but was non‐reactive to the third night threat, suggesting a minor role for somatic arousal in insomnia. The present results support the primacy of cognitive arousal in insomnia and invite emphasis on cognitive control treatment strategies for this sleep disorde

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study aimed at studying the presence of positive emotions during the premenstruum. A positive premenstrual assessment form was constructed and administered to 48 female nursing students in the reproductive age group. Ratings were done using numerical and visual analogue scales. Forty‐six women reported experiencing at least some positive symptoms and two had none. Extremes of positive emotions were seen in 12–37 per cent of the women. The commonest emotions were a sense of well‐being in 75 per cent and feelings of excitement and relief in 62 per cent. Increased sexual desire was reported by 42 per cent. The implications of these positive perimenstrual changes are described in terms of a stress‐protective function regarding premenstrual distress and the premenstrual syndrome. It is likely that cultural factors may be involved in the stress‐protective functions of these positive ex

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460060111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY