ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460050102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460050103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of immobilization, cold and immobilization plus cold stress on rat pineal indoles and brain serotonin (5‐HT) has been studied. Only combined immobilization and cold stress resulted in an increase of pineal melatonin and N‐acetylserotonin (NAS). Furthermore, the ratio of 5‐hydroxyindole acetic acid (5‐HIAA) to 5‐HT was significantly decreased in rats subjected to the combined stress. This effect was evident in the pineal as well as the hypothalamus and brainstem. Although showing no effect on melatonin, NAS, or the 5‐HIAA/5‐HT ratio, immobilization alone produced a significant increase in pineal 5‐HT concentration. This 5‐HT increase was also evident in the hypothalamus and brainstem. Synaptosomal 5‐HT uptake was examined as a functional test of 5‐HT activity, but was unchanged by the combined stress. Although cold alone did not significantly affect serum corticosterone levels, it did augment the corticosterone increase induced by immobilization. These results are discussed in the context of previous investigations of the endogenous monoamine oxidas

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460050104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPlasma cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin were measured together with lymphocyte subpopulation numbers in nine volunteers in good health during the performance of a laboratory task, and five of these subjects were tested during an otherwise identical control period where the task was not performed. Psychological and autonomic measures indicated that the task was found to be moderately arousing and stressful by the subjects. Although homonal changes were not statistically significant because of the variability of individual responses, consistent patterns in the responses were observed. Plasma cortisol decreased progressively on the task day whereas on the non‐task day cortisol levels rose during the post‐task period. On both days growth hormone levels rose prior to the task and fell progressively afterwards. Prolactin levels fell throughout the procedure on both days. There were significant falls in all lymphocyte subpopulations between the initial and basal sample (p<0.02) and the counts rose again subsequently on both task and non‐task days. It is suggested that the effect of an initial anticipatory reaction confounded the effects of the task on plasma hormone and lymphocyte dynamics. The possible implications of the results of immune function are disc

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460050105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article reviews the recent research into personality predisposition in terms of stress, with particular reference to occupational contexts. We explore the work on type A behaviour, locus of control, the ‘hardy’ personality, extra‐version/neuroticism/psychoticism and tension discharge rate. We attempt to highlight how these findings might be of use in understanding occupational s

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460050106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis report examines the case for implementing preventive mental health strategies after disasters based on an analysis of the patterns of post‐traumatic morbidity identified after the “Ash Wednesday” bushfires in Australia. While a significant increase number of problems were identified which would tend to hinder the acceptance and implementation of any such preventive service. Also, the available objective evidence about the effectiveness of crisis intervention services following traumatic events remains tentative. Based on this experience, a series of recommendations are made about the future management of similar e

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460050107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a multicentre study, the Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ) was administered to patients in the diagnostic process for lung diseases, who later on turned out to have lung cancer or other chest disease. The study was controlled by a group of healthy persons. The most important results of the survey are relatively low values for extraversion in the carcinoma group (BCA) and relatively high scale values for extravertion both in the healthy (GKG) and in the sick (KKG) control groups. Higher neuroticism scale values are shown by younger carcinoma patients (BCA) in comparison with healthy (GKG) and patient control group persons (KKG). However, psychotocism scale values show just small differencesk between BCA on the one hand and the control groups (GKD and KKG) on the other. Finally the authors discuss whether the results of the study are more supportive of Cooper's stress hypothesis than of Eysenck's constitutional hypothesis as explanation for an important partial cause of carcinogenesis.

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460050108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article reviews the psychological factors associated with micturition disorders and suggests that they may be causally linked to detrusor instability and sencory urgency. Patients with genuine stress incontinence have psychological profiles in keeping with a population who have a chronic physical disability. The treatment of patients with micturition disorders is reviewed and proposals are made for clinical management. The overall conclusion is that, in general, surgery and medication have little to offer whilst psychological treatments appear to be effective.

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460050109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe response of common but disturbing gastric complaints to psychological intervention has not been studied despite evidence that clinical levels of gastrointestinal disorders respond to treatment. The present study examines the effect of a behaviorally oriented stress reduction program on such self‐reported gastrointestinal complaints among a group of 179 subjects. Pre‐and post‐treatment measures were obtained on the frequency of indigestion, nausea, ulcer attacks, colitis, diarrhea, and constipation complaints. Significant decreases were found from pre to post indigestion, nausea, colitis, diarrhea, and constipation and significant decreases were maintained at follow‐up for indigestion, nausea and constipation complaints. These results suggest that relief from common gastric complaints may be obtained from a behaviorally oriented treatment program, and that such a program may also affect the potential development of maladaptive learned gastric response

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460050110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAutogenic training has been tested in 10 previously untreated patients with mild essential hypertension by performing a placebo‐controlled study during a period of six months. Autogenic training induces a significant decrease of both casual (12–15 mmHg) and baseline (7–20 mmHg) systolic blood pressure. No significant decrease incasual diastolic significantly only at the fifth month when patients were still on placebo. No significant decreases in casual diastolic blood pressure and in heart rate were recorded. Autogenic training exerted a positive influence in psychoneurotic symptoms. It is concluded that this kind of therapeutic approach can be tried only in young patients with mild or labile systolic hypertension or as a support to pharmacological trea

ISSN:0748-8386    

DOI:10.1002/smi.2460050111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY