摘要:

AbstractFour levels of environmental noise were experimentally manipulated during lunch and dinner in a residential living unit for 10 behaviorally disordered persons with mental retardation. During the highest noise conditions, there appeared to be some suppression of social interaction between these people, while interaction rates were uniformly higher during softer noise conditions. This effect was evident at both lunch and dinner. Staff members were less affected by the fluctuation in noise levels, although lunchtime staff engaged in more interactions with clients when both the radio and TV were played softly.

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360050102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDifferential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL) is a technique in which a positive reinforcer is delivered at the end of a specific interval if a target behavior has occurred at a criterion rate. Traditionally, it has been used in educational settings to manage classroom behaviors. Recently, therapists have begun to use DRL to reduce the rates of a variety of behaviors in non‐educational settings. In this study, DRL was part of a behavioral intervention to reduce dysfunctional verbal and physical behaviors of a head‐injured young man. The complete intervention program included DRL, changing criteria, and token reinforcement. Over a period of 15 weeks, the intervention resulted in reductions in behaviors in both categories from high rates to near‐zero

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360050103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent arguments against the use of intrusive behavioral interventions in the treatment of handicapped people are examined. The anti‐aversive position was found to be based on assumptions about the negative impact of aversive procedures, and to consider only a small subset of the variables that should be taken into account when treatment decisions are made. A preliminary application of formal decision‐analysis techniques that have been developed in response to other controversial technologies had a number of benefits including: (a) sharpening the distinction between scientific and social criteria; (b) sensitizing decision‐makers and scientists to the range of costs, risks, and benefits associated with treatment decisions; and (c) identifying critical areas of research. Decision‐analysis techniques were found to be helpful in directing scientists and policy‐makers towards more informed decisi

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360050104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis clinical case study describes the residential treatment of severe assaultive behavior in a 13‐year‐old sensory impaired child using two methods of positive reinforcement. Only slight reductions in the frequency of assaults occurred when the child was reinforced for compliance with task demands. Control was established quickly when reinforcement for the absence of responding was programmed in the form of a differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) contingency. Treatment fading was accomplished by gradually decreasing the immediacy and frequency of reinforcement. Extended follow‐up assessment revealed near‐zero levels of res

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360050105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn comparison with the research done on phobias in non‐retarded individuals, there is a paucity of research in the treatment of phobias in persons with mental retardation. In this study, contact desensitization was evaluated as a treatment for two individuals who have mental retardation and an intense fear of dogs. Following base‐line assessment using a behavioral avoidance test (BAT) measuring actual approach behavior, treatment was implemented in a multiple base‐line across subjects design. Contact desensitization resulted in the elimination of avoidance behavior in both subjects during the BAT. Measures of generalization in an outdoor setting, and maintenance during a two‐month follow‐up, showed that the clients continued to be free of avoidance behavior. The implications for further application and research are

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360050106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA 28‐year‐old head‐injured female displayed a great deal of impatience and agitation. She would elope (run away) whenever she became agitated. A simple three‐step stress management program was taught to her to increase her self‐control. It included: (a) identification of a stressful state; (b) removal of herself from that environment; and (c) self‐initiation of relaxation. This procedure resulted in immediate decreases in

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360050107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated the psychometric properties of the Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS) with a sample of chronic psychiatric inpatients. Patients (N= 117) on extended care wards of a state hospital were assessed with the ABS. An orthogonal principal‐components analysis revealed three underlying factors (independent functioning, general maladaptation, and inappropriate social behavior). Evidence for construct validity was demonstrated by analyses demonstrating that the ABS could discriminate among patients according to age, diagnosis, and length of hospitalization. The results are consistent with previous data which suggest that the ABS can be appropriately used with psychiatric patients. Implications of the results for suggestions regarding possible revision of the ABS are discusse

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360050108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360050101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY