摘要:

AbstractA multiple choice inventory was used to assess the behavioural knowledge of staff providing services to people with an intellectual disability. The relationships between performance on the inventory and other staff related variables were investigated. Results support previous research and indicate a low level of behavioural knowledge amongst direct care staff. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to staff training and selection.

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360080102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study represents a report on unexpected positive collateral benefits in the reduction of aggression. The treatment, for compliance across three classes of requests, resulted in the spontaneous reduction in non‐targeted aggressive behavior across settings and time. An institutionalized adult male who was severely retarded and chronically aggressive served as the subject. Archival investigator‐ and facility staff‐generated reports of aggressive episodes, based upon an operational definition in use for over a year at the time of the study, were used as dependent measures. A withdrawal design was used to demonstrate the collateral treatment effects upon aggression. The subject received positive treatment for his noncompliance within a multiple baseline across behavior classes design. Fifteen requests were presented to the subject in random order during each treatment session, compliant behavior was reinforced using praise and physical contact. Results of the compliance training showed immediate and marked increases in compliance with a collateral decrease in the incidents of aggression. While aggression increased during the nonintervention follow‐up phase of the study, it remained significantly lower than baseline

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360080103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStaff management procedures are increasingly used to improve quality of care in residential facilities for individuals with mental retardation. Typically, residential staff members are prompted to increase and then maintain their frequency of activities within one or more target categories of behavior (e. g., training residents) and are regularly fed back on their performance. There is, however, no evidence as to what are the effects of staff management procedures on other, nontargeted activities of residential staff. Six groups of residential staff members (n=49) and 58 individuals with severe and profound levels of mental retardation participated. Observational data on staff behaviors were collected within eight mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories. When a procedure of staff management was in effect, a statistically significant increase in the time spent on the target categories of stimulative custodial care and training was associated with a statistically significant (a) increase in time spent on organization, (b) decrease in time spent on routine custodial care, and (c) decrease in time being engaged in off‐task behavior. There were no statistically significant differences found with respect to staff members' time spent on housekeeping, in offering individuals recreational activities, and in taking res

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360080104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough a large body of research supports the use of behavioral staff management interventions in developmental disabilities, the nature of client outcomes associated with such interventions has not been systematically assessed. We reviewed 59 staff management studies published over 20 years (1971–1990) in order to determine the generality or scope of the research (i. e., range of settings, types and levels of clients' disabilities, clients' ages), the frequency of inclusion of client outcome measures, the types of measures and levels of analysis selected (i. e., individual groups, combination), and the effects of the interventions on client behavior. Results indicated that: (a) over two‐third of the studies were conducted in institutional settings; (b) more than one‐half involved clients with profound to severe mental retardation; (c) clients of various ages were served; (d) assessment of client outcomes increased progressively over the period; (e) engagement and skill acquisition were the most frequently used measures; (f) group data were presented twice as frequently as either individual or a combination of group and individual data; and (g) staff interventions were associated with either positive or mixed client outcomes in 80% or more of the cases, although maladaptive behavior went unchanged in one‐fifth of the studies in which they were reported. Based on these findings, suggestions are made for how researchers might extend the generality of staff management research, improve client outcome assessment practices, and produce even more consistently positive

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360080105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMomentary DRO, a little‐used variant of DRO, was compared with a more traditional DRO procedure in the reduction of stereotyped behavior displayed by five subjects with severe mental retardation. Momentary DRO appeared to be more effective than the traditional procedure for three subjects, less effective for one subjects and to increase the stereotyped behavior of the final subject above baseline levels, These findings are discussed in relation to response covariation effects, treatment maintenance and case of implementatio

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360080106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe prevalence of dual diagnosis (developmental handicap with accompanying mental illness) was examined in a population of 71 persons who are institutionalized and developmentally handicapped. The Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior (Reiss, 1988) revealed that 69% of the popula‐ tion had a dual diagnosis. The incidence of dual diagnosis was not related to level of functioning, although the type of psychopathology varied considerably across levels of functioning. In contrast to findings from the Reiss Screen, previous psychiatric diagnosis indicated a much lower rate of dual diagnosis (26.8%), as did current psychiatric assessment. There was little agreement between the two psychiatric assessments, or between the Reiss Screen and the psychiatric assessments. The Reiss Screen appears to provide information of more practical value for community placement decisions than is provided by the psychiatric assessments. Limitations to the concept of ‚dual diagnosis’︁ for characterizing the mental health needs of persons with a developmental handicap are di

ISSN:1072-0847    

DOI:10.1002/bin.2360080107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY